“…Notably, more advanced methods such as genetic algorithms (GAs) have been utilized to optimize multiple team attributes like skills, preferences, and demographics [48][49][50][51][52]. Similarly, machine learning techniques have been used to suggest optimal team configurations based on individual attributes [53,54], and expert systems [55,56] have employed rules and heuristics based on domain knowledge to assist in team formation. However, these methods still face challenges, especially in scalability, robustness, and accommodating the complex nature of the problem, including factors like individual skillsets, potential for collaboration, and various constraints.…”