A macro-scale ruck and tuck mechanism for deformation in ion-irradiated polycrystalline graphite

Liu, Dong; Cherns, D.; Johns, Steve; Liu, Junliang; Chen, Wei‐Ying; Griffiths, Ian; Karthik, Chinnathambi; Li, Meimei; Kuball, Martin; Kane, Joshua J.; Windes, William E.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.086

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The evolution of the ion-induced HOPG topography with increasing ion energy expands the view of anomalous deep modification, which in [8][9] has been associated with the intense diffusion of the interstitial carbon atoms along the inclined to the basal plane graphene planes of the ion-induced twins, leading to the formation of an altered layer with implanted ions at depths h Ar >> R p . The transition of the ion-induced HOPG topography from cones at E < E th to a submicron columnar-needle topography at an anomalously deep surface modification with h Ar >> R p suggests significant mass transfer in the HOPG surface layer at E > E th , which may occur by twinning, bending, kinking, and folding plastic deformations and their mixed types typical for two-dimensional layered materials [8][9][10][11]. The corresponding deformation patterns can be seen in the top view of the SEM images (bottom row in figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a crystal is thick, the nonbasal twinning occurs along with bends. Under ion irradiation, the mechanical stresses are caused by gradient (x) of the radiation damage profiles in the number of dpa [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The profiles (x) corresponding to the present experiment are shown in figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are, for example, corrugations on carbon fibers [5,6], columnar-needle morphological elements [7][8][9], and elements with a macro-scale "ruck&tuck" geometry on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) [10]. The formation of such structures is attributed to the fact that graphite, like other two-dimensional layered materials, can deform by the bending, kinking, and twinning as a result of the combined motion of basal dislocations and layers sliding [10][11][12]. It was also found that high-fluence irradiation of HOPG with argon ions with energies of 10-30 keV resulted in an anomalously deep modification of the surface [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anomalous evolution of the ion-induced surface relief of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Andrianova

Борисов

Машкова

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modification of the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under 10, 20 and 30 keV Ar+ ions irradiation with fluence 1018 cm−2 at the irradiation temperature of 250°C has been studied experimentally. An anomalous growth of the ion-induced surface relief of HOPG have been found. This effect, like the well-known effect of anomalous deep embedded argon ions in HOPG, is analyzed within the framework of plastic deformation mechanisms in graphite.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anomalous evolution of the ion-induced surface relief of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Andrianova

Борисов

Машкова

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regularly observed were 6-membered rings, 7-membered rings, edge sites, pores, 5-membered rings, methylene sites, methyl sites, 3-membered rings, sp 3 diamond bonds, and sp 2 bridging bonds. While not key to electrochemical or gas storage properties bridging bonds have been observed in HC films [49] and irradiated graphite [50][51][52] and are believed to contribute for HC's inability to graphitize. Beyond these motifs, 5-and 7-membered rings have been experimentally observed by TEM and can contribute to topological deformation of graphene sheets and their entanglement, another contributor preventing graphitization.…”

Section: Molecular Dynamics and Reverse Monte Carlomentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Experimental and Theoretical Techniques to Gain an Atomic Level Understanding of the Defect Binding Mechanism in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries

Surta

Koh

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) are an attractive alternative to lithium‐ion batteries in applications that require large‐scale energy storage due to sodium's high natural abundance and low cost. Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode material for NIBs; however, there is a knowledge gap in the understanding of the sodium binding mechanism that prevents a rational design of HC. This study tunes sucrose‐derived HC via synthesis temperature then evaluates the structural, physical, and electrochemical properties. Neutron total scattering is used to generate structural models by fitting pair distribution functions (PDF) with a combination of molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo methods. From this model, the number and type of structural features are identified, quantified, and correlated to the galvanostatic charge/discharge. A method of PDF “fingerprinting” binding sites using Na probe atoms is developed and analyzing these PDFs reveals an atomistic view of ion binding sites responsible for “defect” storage mechanisms. Combining these techniques results in an atomic‐level study that provides a big picture of the Na‐binding mechanism in NIBs, which allows for more precise tuning of the structure–property relationships in the future. The methodologies developed will also enable new strategies for the analysis of amorphous functional materials.

show abstract

“…Twinning in graphite, first reported in [31] and observed by optical microscopy [32], is theorised as a rotation of approximately 20° about < 1101 > [33]. Twinning under load in natural graphite flakes has been demonstrated with electron microscopy [34] and the analysis of ion-beam irradiation of pyrolytic graphite has demonstrated the formation of a novel reoriented crystal vein structure due to basal dislocations [35]. It has also been reported, for neutron-irradiated synthetic graphite, that twins recover once the load is removed [36] so twinning may be an elastic deformation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Mechanical Loading and Neutron Bragg-edge Imaging, Applied to Polygranular Graphite On IMAT@ISIS

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Bragg edge imaging have seen significant developments in the last decade with the availability of new time-resolved detectors, however, there have been no studies of changes in local coherent scattering from grain reorientation and deformation with load. Such damage accommodation mechanism may occur in (quasi)-brittle materials. Objective We developed a novel method using in-situ Bragg imaging at the ISIS spallation neutron and muon source on the IMAT (Imaging and MATerials science and engineering) instrument using an energy-resolved detector setup. We collected and analysed data of a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating the use of the method. Methods We have developed a loading apparatus that addresses the constraints posed by Bragg imaging, allowing us to resolve features in the material microstructure. We use energy-resolved neutron imaging to obtain images in energy bins and we have developed a set of codes to register and correlate these images, as well as detect changes in local coherent scattering, in situ. Results Preliminary results from this method on Gilsocarbon nuclear graphite allow qualitative observation of local changes in Bragg contrast, which may be due to deformation or grain reorientation. Conclusions We have demonstrated that we can track changes in local coherent scattering under mechanical load, with sufficient resolution to track features with a size above 100 microns. This method, apparatus and accompanying codes may be used on the IMAT instruments by users interested to better understand deformation in their materials.

show abstract

A macro-scale ruck and tuck mechanism for deformation in ion-irradiated polycrystalline graphite

Cited by 35 publications

References 75 publications

Anomalous evolution of the ion-induced surface relief of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Anomalous evolution of the ion-induced surface relief of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Combining Experimental and Theoretical Techniques to Gain an Atomic Level Understanding of the Defect Binding Mechanism in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries

In Situ Mechanical Loading and Neutron Bragg-edge Imaging, Applied to Polygranular Graphite On IMAT@ISIS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About