A malaria risk map of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ferrari, Giovanfrancesco; Ntuku, Henry; Schmidlin, Sandro; Diboulo, Eric; Tshefu, Antoinette; Lengeler, Christian

doi:10.1186/s12936-015-1074-8

Cited by 50 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As an attempt to identify factors explaining high malaria rates in northern Ghana, Monroe et al found that under-usage of LLINs at times when they could confer maximum protection as well as a variety of outdoor night-time activities, including outdoor sleeping were factors that could have potentially contributed to high rates of malaria in that setting [32]. In this study, the prevalence of anaemia was high and consistent with findings of other researchers [26], however additional factors common in this setting such as malnutrition [17] and sickle cell anaemia [33] play a role in the occurrence of this condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Interestingly, in this study, the same pattern was observed even in households possessing sufficient numbers of LLIN to cover all residents, suggesting a behavioural gap in LLIN use among older children and adolescents. The lower LLIN use rate obviously put this age group at higher risk of malaria prevalence as reported in other studies [26, 27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) ownership, use and cost of implementation after a mass distribution campaign in Kasaï Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ntuku

Ruckstuhl

Julo-Réminiac

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundLong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are a highly effective means for preventing malaria infection and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Mass free distribution campaigns have been shown to rapidly increase LLIN ownership and use. Around 3.5 million LLINs were distributed free of charge in the Kasaï Occidental Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in September–October 2014, using two different approaches, a fixed delivery strategy and a door-to-door strategy including hang-up activities.MethodsRepeated community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted 2 months before and six months after the mass distribution. Descriptive statistics were used to measure changes in key malaria household indicators. LLIN ownership and use were compared between delivery strategies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with LLIN use before and after the mass distribution. A comparative financial cost analysis between the fixed delivery and door-to-door distribution strategies was carried out from the provider’s perspective.ResultsHousehold ownership of at least one LLIN increased from 39.4% pre-campaign to 91.4% post-campaign and LLIN universal coverage, measured as the proportion of households with at least one LLIN for every two people increased from 4.1 to 41.1%. Population access to LLIN within the household increased from 22.2 to 80.7%, while overall LLIN use increased from 18.0 to 68.3%. Higher LLIN ownership was achieved with the fixed delivery strategy compared with the door-to-door (92.5% [95% CI 90.2–94.4%] versus 85.2% [95% CI 78.5–90.0%]), while distribution strategy did not have a significant impact on LLIN use (69.6% [95% CI 63.1–75.5%] versus 65.7% [95% CI 52.7–76.7%]). Malaria prevalence among children aged 6–59 months was 44.8% post-campaign. Living in a household with sufficient numbers of LLIN to cover all members was the strongest determinant of LLIN use. The total financial cost per LLIN distributed was 6.58 USD for the fixed distribution strategy and 6.61 USD for the door-to-door strategy.ConclusionsThe mass distribution campaign was effective for rapidly increasing LLIN ownership and use. These gains need to be sustained for long-term reduction in malaria burden. The fixed delivery strategy achieved a higher LLIN coverage at lower delivery cost compared with the door-to-door strategy and seems to be a better distribution strategy in the context of the present study setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) ownership, use and cost of implementation after a mass distribution campaign in Kasaï Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ntuku

Ruckstuhl

Julo-Réminiac

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…As it happens, Kinshasa has been subject to one of the world's most detailed mapping of malaria incidence across a major urban setting, which could inform mitigation measures in other cities, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa . This study confirmed the widely observed phenomenon that malaria is less prevalent in central or downtown districts where breeding grounds for the vector, here the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, are restricted, but much more so in densely populated suburbs or peripheral areas.…”

Section: A Lack Of Sciencesupporting

confidence: 70%

More science in urban development

Hunter¹

2017

EMBO Reports

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“…Wealth is clearly linked to better living conditions, including access to food as well as better health. In Kinshasa, for example, away from the areas highlighted, prevalence of malaria and anaemia is significantly higher (Ferrari et al 2016); a reflection of more socioeconomically deprived zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central African cities

Wright

Funk

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The trade of bushmeat from rural areas to supply burgeoning cities is a major conservation and livelihood concern. Using a whole-city sampling strategy we mapped the distribution and numbers of meat outlets in the Kinshasa-Brazzaville metropolitan area, two neighboring capital cities in Central Africa. We show that both cities differ in the number and density of meat outlets, with more in Brazzaville per area sampled and inhabitants. The number of meat outlets is related to human population densities and primarily concentrated along the banks of the Congo River, in the more affluent areas of the cities. Across the two cities, roughly 22% of all sampled markets (50% in Brazzaville and 19% in Kinshasa) and 24% of all visited restaurants (24% in each city) were selling bushmeat during our survey. Despite the relatively low number of establishments offering bushmeat for sale, extrapolated to the entire area and population of both cities, we expect the overall amount of wild animal meat consumed per annum to be significantly high. We suggest that the supply of such numbers of wild animal meat will strongly impact the animal populations sourcing these cities. Our data also indicate that the number of domestic meat outlets may be adequate to supply urban dwellers with sufficient animal protein.

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A malaria risk map of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) ownership, use and cost of implementation after a mass distribution campaign in Kasaï Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) ownership, use and cost of implementation after a mass distribution campaign in Kasaï Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

More science in urban development

Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central African cities

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