A manual of botany for the northern and middle states

Eaton, Amos

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.47058

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, removal of the seed coat did not promote germination (Table 5), further supporting a lack of physical dormancy in American burnweed seeds. American burnweed occurs primarily in early successional environments following removal of established plant communities, particularly when plant communities are removed by fire (Eaton 1824; Pursh 1814; Torrey 1843). Our data, however, indicate that heat does not contribute to breaking American burnweed seed dormancy and that pruning wild blueberry fields by burning likely will not increase germination of this weed species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is native to deciduous forest regions of North America (Darbyshire et al 2012) and has been introduced to regions of Europe and Asia (Darbyshire et al 2012). The distribution in Canada is from the Maritime Provinces to western Ontario (Darbyshire et al 2012), and the plant is abundant in areas of recently cleared forest (Eaton 1824; Pursh 1814; Torrey 1843). The plant produces copious amounts of seeds, with individual plants reported to produce more than 32,000 seeds (Csiszár 2006).…”

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Investigation of Potential Seed Dormancy Mechanisms in American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) Seeds from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields

2017

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American burnweed is an increasingly common annual weed in wild blueberry fields in Atlantic Canada and Maine. Knowledge of seed dormancy characteristics and potential for this species to form persistent seedbanks in wild blueberry soils, however, is lacking. A series of experiments were therefore conducted to investigate potential mechanisms regulating American burnweed seed dormancy in wild blueberry fields. Seeds were dormant at maturity and did not germinate in dark or light under warm conditions. Cold moist stratification (CMS) at 4 C for 90 d followed by exposure to warm conditions (22/15 C day/night) and light caused >90% germination, and germination was generally maximized following 80 d CMS. Exogenous potassium nitrate applied as a 5% solution did not stimulate germination, but nearly all seeds (>95%) germinated following treatment with 200, 400, 600, or 800 ppm (w/v) gibberellic acid (GA3) solution. Physical removal of the seed coat or seed exposure to short durations of dry heat did not increase germination. Seed exposure to 1 s of direct flame increased germination, but germination was low relative to germination following CMS and treatment with GA3. Based on these results, we conclude that American burnweed seeds in wild blueberry fields exhibit non–deep physiological dormancy that is most readily broken by CMS and light or seed treatment with GA3. Seeds will likely be exposed to favorable conditions for breaking dormancy (cold temperatures and light) in wild blueberry fields due to lack of tillage and seed burial, indicating high potential for this weed species to proliferate in wild blueberry fields if not properly managed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of Potential Seed Dormancy Mechanisms in American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) Seeds from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields

2017

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“…In the early 19th century, when clearing of the great eastern forests of North America had begun in earnest, E. hieraciifolius had become known as ''fire-weed'' because of its abundant occurrence in areas of forest clearance, especially where fires had occurred (Pursh 1814;Eaton 1824;Torrey 1843). William Barton (1818) said that it was ''one of the commonest weeds [around Philadelphia], growing almost every where, even on roofs''.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.

et al. 2012

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2012. The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 729Á746.Erechtites hieraciifolius, American burnweed, is a herbaceous annual in the Asteraceae native to forest zones of eastern North America, but introduced to parts of Europe and the Pacific region. Confusion sometimes arises in distinguishing it from other weedy rayless composites in Canada, such as Senecio vulgaris (common groundsel) and Conyza canadensis (Canada fleabane). A pioneer therophyte species of forest zones, it occurs in large numbers when associated with major disturbances such as forest fires, but is also common in areas of smaller scale disturbance such as shores, forest edges and wind-throws. Soil conditions may vary greatly in nutrient content, moisture content, pH and salinity. In Canada, it is generally considered a minor garden and agricultural weed. It is most common in crops such as lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), strawberry (Fragaria)ananassa) and vegetable crops; however, it occasionally occurs in other field and forage crops. Impacts include a variety of problems contributing to increased production costs or crop yield losses, including herbicide resistance, resource competition, and as a reservoir harbouring crop pathogens. It has been valued as a medicinal herb for treating a variety of ailments. Populations may grow rapidly in response to disturbances typical of managed landscapes, but E. hieraciifolius can usually be effectively controlled by chemical, cultural or manual weed control tactics.Darbyshire, S. J., Francis, A., DiTommaso, A. et Clements, D. R. 2012. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 729Á746. L'e´rechtite a`feuilles d'e´pervie`re (Erechtites hieraciifolius) est une herbace´e annuelle de la famille des Aste´race´es indige`ne aux re´gions forestie`res de l'est de l'Ame´rique du Nord, mais qui a e´te´introduite dans certaines parties de l'Europe et du Pacifique. On la confond parfois a`d'autres adventices a`rayons courts de la famille des Compose´es qui poussent au Canada tels le se´nec¸on vulgaire (Senecio vulgaris) et la vergette du Canada (Conyza canadensis). Espe`ce pionnie`re the´rophyte, on en retrouve de grand peuplements aux endroits qui ont subi de profondes perturbations comme un feu de foreˆt, cependant l'espe`ce colonise souvent des zones plus restreintes comme les rivages, la lisie`re des boise´s et les chablis. Les conditions du sol peuvent varier conside´rablement quant a`la concentration d'e´le´ments nutritifs, la teneur en eau, le pH et la salinite´. Au Canada, on la conside`re ge´ne´ralement comme une adventice secondaire dans les jardins et les champs. L'e´rechtite a`feuilles d'e´pervie`re se rencontre le plus souvent dans les cultures comme le bleuet nain (Vaccinium spp.), la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon), la fraise (Fragaria)ananassa) et les plantes maraıˆche`res, cependant, on la de´couvre a`l'occasion dans d'autres grandes ...

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“…The influence of cracks on impact response study was carried out using software written in QtOctave environment. 22,23 Series of more than eight impacts were done on the three driving points for each crack depth interval. The data collected were averaged for each driving point and crack depth step.…”

Section: Vibration Data Acquisition Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Breathing Cracks Using Vibrations

Carr

Jaureguizahar

Chapetti

2012

Experimental Techniques

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The influence of half‐ellipse‐shaped fatigue cracks and machined through‐thickness cuts on the impact response of cantilever beam samples were analysed using the Finite Element Method and compared to experimental data for different crack depths. The effect of sample width was analysed for geometries with fatigue cracks (aspect ratio a/c = 0.45) and through‐thickness cuts (rectangular cracks). The differences between both types of damage were analysed numerically and experimentally. The effect of sample width was studied and it was found that the behaviour of the cantilever with a fatigue‐crack approaches that of the saw cut sample when the fatigue crack reaches the edges of the test piece. Acceleration data were analysed using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm and Power Density Spectra (PSD) were obtained. For fatigue‐cracked samples, harmonics of the frequencies of natural modes of oscillation were found. Analytical modelling was done using a mass‐spring‐damper system for studying the bilinear behaviour of the stiffness element. Harmonics found were assigned to the breathing behaviour of the crack. The detection threshold using frequency shifts inspection was twice as high as using spectral analysis. This would allow crack detection at half of the fatigue life of the specimen.

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A manual of botany for the northern and middle states

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of Potential Seed Dormancy Mechanisms in American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) Seeds from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields

Investigation of Potential Seed Dormancy Mechanisms in American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) Seeds from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields

The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.

Analysis of Breathing Cracks Using Vibrations

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