A marine mesocosm study on the environmental fate of silver nanoparticles and toxicity effects on two endobenthic species: The ragworm Hediste diversicolor and the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana

Tissue specific responses to cadmium-based quantum dots in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

“…These studies also observed inhibition and induction of metallothioneins (MTs) in the gills and digestive gland, respectively, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased in gills and decreased in the digestive gland (Gagné et al, 2008a;Peyrot et al, 2009). In vivo exposure to CdTe QDs (6 nm; 10 µgCd.L -1 ; 14 d) also induced immunotoxic and genotoxic effects in the marine mussel M. galloprovincialis (Rocha et al, 2014) and CdS QDs (5-6 nm; 10 µgCd.L -1 ; 14 d) induced behaviour and biochemical impairment in whole soft tissues of the marine clam Scrobicularia plana (Buffet et al, 2014a). The estimated biologic half-life (t1/2) of CdTe QDs for M. galloprovincialis (t1/2 > 50 d) is longer than for other ENPs in bivalves and results indicated the digestive gland role in QD storage, while the haemolymph is the route for QDs and dissolved Cd distribution between tissues (Rocha et al, 2015a).…”

Effect of nutritive status on Mytilus galloprovincialis pollution biomarkers: Implications for large-scale monitoring programs

“…In marine invertebrates, PO activity has not a clear pattern in response to pollution. Thus, several studies with different species and exposure times have reported inhibition or increase of PO activity in bivalves: inhibition in species exposed to heavy fuel and light cycle oil (Bado-Nilles et al, 2009, tributyl-tin oxide TBTO (Zentz et al, 2002), DBHB 5,5 -dibromohemibastadin-1 DBHB (Bayer et al, 2011), and Pb (Jing et al, 2007); and increase by fluoranthene (Coles et al, 1994), silver nanoparticles (Buffet et al, 2014), Cd (Bouilly et al, 2006), and Cd + Cu (Haberkorn et al, 2014); and change according to the exposure time (As, Chakraborty et al, 2013;Cu and Hg, Thiagarajan et al, 2006). Other studies have reported seasonal variations in PO activity in organisms from contaminated sites (Luna-Acosta et al, 2010) and different response in haemocytes in vitro: increase with benzo[b]fluoranthene (Bado-Nilles et al, 2008) and inhibition with Hg (Gagnaire et al, 2004).…”

Accumulation and effects of sediment-associated silver nanoparticles to sediment-dwelling invertebrates

“…Ag NP aggregates have been reported to continuously release Ag ions during 7 days in seawater for NP suspensions starting at a concentration of 0.1 mM (i.e., 35% of the original starting mass of the Ag NPs dissolved; Buffet et al, 2014). Dissolution as high as 23% is reported for citratecapped Ag NPs dispersed in estuarine water (with salinity of 17%) for 24 h after an initial concentration of 921 g/L (Khan et al, 2015).…”

“…2; i.e., aqueous Ag about 7 times higher and Ag NPs 3 to 10 times higher). The literature emphasizes the importance of water type/composition (e.g., salinity, water hardness, ionic strength) for NP aggregation/agglomeration and precipitation, and hence predicts bioavailability to be lower under estuarine conditions than freshwater conditions (Buffet et al, 2014;García-Alonso et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014a,b). However, our results suggest no reduced Ag bioavailability from sediment in seawater (Capitella spp.)…”