A mathematical model for estimating the extent of solute- and water-flux heterogeneity in multiple sample percolation experiments

Stagnitti, Frank; Li, L.; Allinson, Graeme; Phillips, I. R.; Lockington, David; Zeyliger, Anatoly; Allinson, Mayumi; Lloyd-Smith, J.; Xie, Mingliang

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(98)00261-3

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is not uncommon to find such heterogeneity when conducting investigations on undisturbed soil cores (Stagnitti et al 1999b). The remarkably different breakthrough curves for As and the differences in the time-to-peak concentrations of the other elements indicate that preferential flow of these elements is highly likely, making reliable predictions difficult.…”

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of the constituents of chromated copper arsenate in a shallow sandy soil

Allinson

Turoczy

Kelsall

et al. 2000

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Small volumes of a commercial timber preservative containing approximately 60% w/w chromated copper arsenic (CCA) were applied to 15-cm-deep, undisturbed soil monolith lysimeters containing the surface horizon of a mildly acidic, sandy loam soil extracted from within the forestry plantation region of south-west Victoria. The collected leachate and samples of the core profiles were analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) for a total of 28 elements, including the active ingredients of the preservative, copper, chromium, and arsenic.After application of CCA, of the metals studied, only the concentrations of arsenic, calcium, chromium, sodium, and potassium in the leachate differed from background concentrations during the irrigation of the cores. Copper concentrations in all leachate remained at background levels throughout the experiment. Up to 36% of the applied dose of chromium was detected in the leachate, with breakthrough at 15 cm soil depth occurring within 20 days of preservative application. Up to 13% of the applied dose of arsenic was detected in the leachate collected at 15 cm depth, although in this case breakthrough was not observed until 25 days after preservative application. The applied copper was immobilised in the top 4 cm of the soil. Elevated concentrations of arsenic and chromium were found in the top 6 cm of the soil profile.

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Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of the constituents of chromated copper arsenate in a shallow sandy soil

Allinson

Turoczy

Kelsall

et al. 2000

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…It reflects the spatial redistribution of a uniformly applied solute (Stagnitti et al 1999;de Rooij and Stagnitti 2004).…”

Section: Leaching Surfaces: Spatial and Temporal Aspects Of Solute Lementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is desirable to characterize the effect of soil heterogeneity on solute leaching directly (i.e., not through numerical simulations in which the soil hydraulic properties vary between nodes). When MCS data are available, a simple yet descriptive way of doing so is through the SSDC, which is obtained by ranking the sampling compartments in decreasing order of amount of total captured solute and plotting the fraction of captured solute as a function of the cumulative area of the ordered compartments (Quisenberry et al 1994;Stagnitti et al 1999). Thus, the SSDC only contains information about the spatial redistribution of solutes.…”

Section: Parameterizing the Spatial Aspect Of Solute Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If lateral dispersion is of minor importance, de Rooij and Stagnitti (2000) showed that the SSDC describes the geometry of the flow paths in terms of flow constriction and divergence. The SSDC can be parameterized by fitting the Beta distribution (Stagnitti et al 1999)…”

Section: Parameterizing the Spatial Aspect Of Solute Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then detect and parameterize any relationships between the transport velocities and dispersion coefficients of the individual BTCs. The spatial aspect is parameterized using the Beta distribution as outlined by Stagnitti et al (1999) and de Rooij and Stagnitti (2000Stagnitti ( , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parameterizing the Leaching Surface by Combining Curve-Fitting for Solute Breakthrough and for Spatial Solute Distribution

2012

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Multi-compartment samplers (MCSs) measure unsaturated solute transport in space and time at a given depth. Sorting the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for individual compartments in descending order of total solute amount and plotting in 3D produces the leaching surface. The leaching surface is a useful tool to organize, present, and analyze MCS data. We present a novel method to quantitatively characterize leaching surfaces. We fitted a mean pore-water velocity and a dispersion coefficient to each BTC, and then approximated their values by functions of the rank order of the BTCs. By combining the parameters of these functions with those of the Beta distribution fitted to the spatial distribution of solutes, we described an entire leaching surface by four to eight parameters. This direct characterization method allows trends to be subtracted from the observations, and incorporates the effects of local heterogeneity. The parametric fit creates the possibility to quantify concisely the leaching behavior of a soil in a given climate under given land use, and eases the quantitative comparison of spatio-temporal leaching behavior in different soils and climates.

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Hydrochemical Processes in Snow‐Covered Basins

Pomeroy

Jones

Tranter

et al. 2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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This article reviews several aspects of snow hydrochemistry: the chemistry of snowfall including chemical incorporation in snowfall and snowfall chemistry variability, the chemistry of cold, dry snowcovers including snow redistribution, snow–atmosphere chemical exchange and in‐pack chemical transformations, the chemistry of wet and melting snowcovers including solute leaching, particulate interactions and microbial activity, and snow‐covered basin hydrochemistry with an emphasis on nutrient chemistry. The emphasis is on the processes of chemical transformation in seasonal snowpacks and meltwaters with strong attention to the broad ecosystem view of snow chemistry rather than solely focusing on acidification effects from snowmelt. The seasonal snowcover is shown to be a dynamic hydrochemical system with strong ecological interactions. Besides wet deposition by snowfall and rain, the processes of wind redistribution, dry deposition, volatilization, crystal metamorphism, photolysis, microbial uptake and release, solute elution, and meltwater movement strongly affect the chemistry of both the snowpack and meltwaters. Snowmelt chemistry alone is rarely directly responsible for major chemical fluctuations in water bodies, but meltwater has an important role in transporting ions from soils and organic material to water bodies.

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A mathematical model for estimating the extent of solute- and water-flux heterogeneity in multiple sample percolation experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Mobility of the constituents of chromated copper arsenate in a shallow sandy soil

Mobility of the constituents of chromated copper arsenate in a shallow sandy soil

Parameterizing the Leaching Surface by Combining Curve-Fitting for Solute Breakthrough and for Spatial Solute Distribution

Hydrochemical Processes in Snow‐Covered Basins

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