A Measurement-Based Statistical Model for Industrial Ultra-Wideband Channels

Abstract

Abstract-The results of three ultra-wideband (UWB) measurement campaigns conducted in two different industrial environments are presented. A frequency range of 3.1 − 10.6 or 3.1 − 5.5 GHz was measured using a vector network analyzer and a virtual array technique enabling the investigation of smallscale statistics. The results show that the energy arrives in clusters, and that the abundance of metallic scatterers present in the factory hall causes dense multipath scattering. The latter produces a small-scale fading that is mostly Rayleigh distributed; the only exception being the delay bin containing the line-ofsight component. The power delay profile can be modeled by a generalized Saleh-Valenzuela model, where different clusters have different ray power decay constants. It is also noted that the number of multipath components required to capture a majority of the energy is quite large. More than a hundred components can be needed to capture 50% of the total available energy.

The industrial indoor channel: Statistical analysis of the power delay profile

“…A chi-squared goodness-of-fit test retained the null hypothesis that the cluster interarrival times are exponentially distributed at a 5% significance level. For measurements in industrial environments in [1], mean cluster interarrival times between 13 and 16 ns are found, which are comparable to our obtained value of 18.40 ns. In literature, when comparing industrial environments to office environments, clusters usually arrive further in between in the latter: mean cluster interarrival times of 60 ns for measurements in a university building in [4] and 27 to 40 ns for an office building in [5] were found.…”

“…Because the inventory in industrial environments (machinery, transport belts, steel piping) is more irregularly shaped, more clusters in rapid succession are expected to be found in these environments. Also, in contrast to office environments, the inventory in industrial environments largely consists of highly reflective metal surfaces [1], [3]. In industrial halls, more objects are therefore expected to actively participate in the wave propagation while giving rise to noticeable received powers at the receiver's end.…”

“…Only limited literature exists which investigates the multipath profile in industrial channels, e.g., [1]. In this work, measurements of the channel impulse response are fitted to the widely used Saleh-Valenzuela model [2].…”

Channel Measurements and Modelling in a Military Cargo Airplane

“…Therefore, a coherent addition of arriving waves increases the received power and leads to very low pathloss factors. Similar behavior was observed in industrial environments reported in [22] where the path-loss factor was found to be equal to 1.1. In the passenger cabin campaign of [15] path-loss factor n varied between 1.7 and 2.6.…”

Cognitive radar for the localization of RFID transponders in dense multipath environments

“…(eq. (9) in [17]). Its parameters are the total power of the diffuse multipath Ω 1 = 2.32 × 10 −7 , γ 1 = 20 ns, γ rise = 5 ns and χ = 0.98.…”