A Mechanism for Improving the Digestibility of Lignocellulosic Materials with Dilute Alkali and Liquid Ammonia

Tarkow, Harold; Feist, William C.

doi:10.1021/ba-1969-0095.ch012

Cited by 193 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…While dilute acid pretreatments are known to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, their cost is relatively high compared to physicochemical pretreatments. Dilute alkali pretreatments using sodium hydroxide targets intermolecular bonds between lignin and hemicelluloses and improves the porosity of the biomass (Tarkow and Feist, 1969). Other studies on dilute alkali pretreatments have examined the use of ammonia water and hydrated lime.…”

Section: Chemical Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

371

195

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Section: Chemical Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

371

195

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“…(Feist et al 1970) . The digestibility of cellulose may also be increased by sweliing following treatment with ammonia (Tarkow and Feist 1969), since this would allow greater penetration by rumen microflora.…”

Section: Composition and Digestibility Of Cell Wall Components In Cermentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Digestibility of Cell Wall Components in Cereal Straws After Treatment With Anhydrous Ammonia

Horton¹

1981

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Three varieties each of oat, barley and wheat straw were treated with anhydrous ammonia (3.5% wt/wt). A concentrate and straw were each fed to steers at 1% of body weight for the measurement of apparent digestibility. Hemicellulose and lignin contents tended to be lower, but cellulose was not affected by ammonia treatment. Pooled data show that ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose in the diets by 5.8, 4.7 and 5.8 percentage units, respectively. Improvements were largest for wheat straw diets averaging about 17%, and were similar for oat and barley straw diets at about 8%.

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“…Physically, alkali or ammonia markedly increase water holding capacity (fiber saturation point) or internal surface area, extending enzyme (cellulase) accessibility to its substrace (Stone et al, 1969;Tarkow and Feist, 1969). The chemical effects of alkali includes saponification of ester linkages (uronic and acetic esters) and am!T\onolysis of 1) esters of 4-0-methyl glucuronic acid and 2) acetyl group of the xylan chain (hemicellulose portion).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%