“…Metaheuristic methods are used to solve complicated issues such as scheduling (L. Wang and Zheng 2018), shape design (Rizk-Allah et al 2017), economic load dispatch , large-scale data optimization (Yi et al 2018(Yi et al ,2020, infinite impulse response (IIR) systems identification ( Zou et al 2018), malware code detection (Cui et al 2018), error detection ( Li et al 2013;Yi et al 2018), forecasting promotion places (Nan et al 2017), unit commitment (Srikanth et al2018), classification ( Zou et al ,2017, path planning (Wang et al 2012, vehicle navigation ), knapsack problems , and cyber-physical systems (Cui et al 2017), neural network (Pandey et al 2020), trajectory tracking control of unmanned aerial vehicle (Selma et al 2020).…”