A mesocosm study of Phaeocystis globosa population dynamics

Brussaard, Corina P. D.; Kuipers, Bouwe R.; Veldhuis, Marcel J.W.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2004.12.015

Cited by 154 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…P. globosa regularly dominates the phytoplankton community in the coastal zone of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, where its blooms may result in "stinking water" and the production of foam of mucilaginous material that deposits on beaches. The decline of natural blooms was shown to be accompanied by a considerable increase of viruses infecting P. globosa (10), and a mesocosm study showed that the abundance of P. globosa populations can indeed be controlled by viral lysis (11). The PgV-16T strain reported here belongs to the group I of clonal virus isolates (together with PgV-12T and PgV-14T) obtained from Dutch coastal waters (southern North Sea) and partially characterized previously (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Genome of Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T highlights the common ancestry of the largest known DNA viruses infecting eukaryotes

Santini

Jeudy

Bartoli

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

213

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Large dsDNA viruses are involved in the population control of many globally distributed species of eukaryotic phytoplankton and have a prominent role in bloom termination. The genus Phaeocystis ( Haptophyta , Prymnesiophyceae ) includes several high-biomass-forming phytoplankton species, such as Phaeocystis globosa , the blooms of which occur mostly in the coastal zone of the North Atlantic and the North Sea. Here, we report the 459,984-bp-long genome sequence of P. globosa virus strain PgV-16T, encoding 434 proteins and eight tRNAs and, thus, the largest fully sequenced genome to date among viruses infecting algae. Surprisingly, PgV-16T exhibits no phylogenetic affinity with other viruses infecting microalgae (e.g., phycodnaviruses), including those infecting Emiliania huxleyi , another ubiquitous bloom-forming haptophyte. Rather, PgV-16T belongs to an emerging clade (the Megaviridae) clustering the viruses endowed with the largest known genomes, including Megavirus, Mimivirus (both infecting acanthamoeba), and a virus infecting the marine microflagellate grazer Cafeteria roenbergensis . Seventy-five percent of the best matches of PgV-16T–predicted proteins correspond to two viruses [Organic Lake phycodnavirus (OLPV)1 and OLPV2] from a hypersaline lake in Antarctica (Organic Lake), the hosts of which are unknown. As for OLPVs and other Megaviridae, the PgV-16T sequence data revealed the presence of a virophage-like genome. However, no virophage particle was detected in infected P. globosa cultures. The presence of many genes found only in Megaviridae in its genome and the presence of an associated virophage strongly suggest that PgV-16T shares a common ancestry with the largest known dsDNA viruses, the host range of which already encompasses the earliest diverging branches of domain Eukarya.

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mentioning

confidence: 64%

Genome of Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T highlights the common ancestry of the largest known DNA viruses infecting eukaryotes

Santini

Jeudy

Bartoli

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

213

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“…An additional reason for the inclusion of viral activity in ecological models rely on their role in the control of phytoplankton blooms (Baudoux and Brussaard, 2005;Brussaard et al, 2005;Malits et al, 2014). Although complex, viral-algal interactions play a key role in the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms.…”

Section: The Inclusion Of Viruses In Marine Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field studies have corroborated the importance of the role of biological interactions in sudden population changes, evident in the ability of lytic viruses to completely destroy host populations over short periods (Suttle and Chan, 1993;Cottrell and Suttle, 1995;Zingone, 1995;Jacobsen et al, 1996;Bratbak et al, 1998a,b). Not least relevant, and considering the recent efforts in modeling Harmful Algal Blooms (Davidson et al, 2016), the viral-algal interactions are known to contribute to bloom breakdown and dispersion (Baudoux and Brussaard, 2005;Brussaard et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Inclusion Of Viruses In Marine Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Modeling Viruses in Marine Systems—An Upcoming Frontier

Mateus

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world's oceans. Their potential control on the dynamics and diversity of bacterioplankton and some phytoplankton groups, and consequent effect on the flow of energy and matter in food webs, may be argued as beyond dispute. Paradoxically, their importance seems to be persistently underestimated by marine modelers, frequently by exclusion, despite the uninterrupted volume of knowledge advanced during the past decades. Bridging the gap between knowing and modeling the role of viruses is, undoubtedly, one of the upcoming frontiers to be crossed in modeling the plankton. This paper has a two-fold objective: (1) review the knowledge on the roles of viruses in marine systems that has been put forward over the past decades, and (2) see how viruses have been incorporated into marine ecosystem models, along with the factors that are limiting their inclusion.

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“…Viruses infecting P. globosa (PgVs) have recently been brought into culture, and virus-host interactions (for example, latent period) have been well investigated (Baudoux and Brussaard, 2005). Viral-mediated lysis can account for up to 66% of the total mortality of P. globosa single cells (Baudoux et al, 2006) and can even control algal bloom formation (Brussaard et al, 2005a). In a mesocosm study, it was shown that viral-mediated lysis of P. globosa blooms may lead to rapid changes in the microbial community structure and enhanced bacterial carbon utilisation (Brussaard et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the coastal bacterial community to viral infection of the algae Phaeocystis globosa

et al. 2013

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The release of organic material upon algal cell lyses has a key role in structuring bacterial communities and affects the cycling of biolimiting elements in the marine environment. Here we show that already before cell lysis the leakage or excretion of organic matter by infected yet intact algal cells shaped North Sea bacterial community composition and enhanced bacterial substrate assimilation. Infected algal cultures of Phaeocystis globosa grown in coastal North Sea water contained gamma-and alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that were distinct from those in the noninfected control cultures 5 h after infection. The gammaproteobacterial population at this time mainly consisted of Alteromonas sp. cells that were attached to the infected but still intact host cells. Nano-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) showed B20% transfer of organic matter derived from the infected 13 C-and 15 N-labelled P. globosa cells to Alteromonas sp. cells. Subsequent, viral lysis of P. globosa resulted in the formation of aggregates that were densely colonised by bacteria. Aggregate dissolution was observed after 2 days, which we attribute to bacteriophage-induced lysis of the attached bacteria. Isotope mass spectrometry analysis showed that 40% of the particulate 13 C-organic carbon from the infected P. globosa culture was remineralized to dissolved inorganic carbon after 7 days. These findings reveal a novel role of viruses in the leakage or excretion of algal biomass upon infection, which provides an additional ecological niche for specific bacterial populations and potentially redirects carbon availability.

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A mesocosm study of Phaeocystis globosa population dynamics

Cited by 154 publications

References 69 publications

Genome of Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T highlights the common ancestry of the largest known DNA viruses infecting eukaryotes

Genome of Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T highlights the common ancestry of the largest known DNA viruses infecting eukaryotes

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Modeling Viruses in Marine Systems—An Upcoming Frontier

Responses of the coastal bacterial community to viral infection of the algae Phaeocystis globosa

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