A meta-analysis of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) management in organic agricultural systems

Orloff, Noelle; Mangold, Jane M.; Miller, Zach J.; Menalled, Fabián D.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.11.024

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, it seems that the impact of weed presence on wheat growth was more serious at the very end of the growing season. This confirms observations from practical farming that C. arvensis, a highly competitive weed [34] and A. myosuroides are key weeds that need special caution and that the regrowth of perennial grasses needs to be avoided.…”

Section: Impact Of Tillage Systems On Winter Wheat Performance and Wesupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reduced tillage reduces soil erosion and increases topsoil organic matter compared with conventional tillage. However, yields are often reported to be lower, presumably, due to increased weed pressure and a slower N mineralization under organic farming conditions. The effects of reduced tillage compared with ploughing on weed infestation and winter wheat performance at four different crop stages, i.e., tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and harvest, was monitored for a single season in an eleven-year-old organic long-term tillage trial. To disentangle the effects of weed presence on crop yield and potential crop performance, subplots were cleaned from weeds during the whole cropping season. Weed biomass was consistently higher under reduced tillage. Soil mineral nitrogen contents under reduced tillage management were higher, which could be explained by the earlier ley termination in autumn compared with the conventional tillage system. Nitrogen status of wheat assessed with SPAD measurements was consequently higher under reduced tillage throughout the season. At harvest, wheat biomass and grain yield were similar in both tillage systems in the presence of weeds, but 15–18% higher in the reduced tillage system when weeds were removed. The negative impact of weeds on yields were not found with conventional tillage with a low weed infestation. Results suggest that reduced tillage can provide equivalent and even higher yields to conventional tillage in organically managed winter wheat if weed management is improved and good nutrient supply is assured.

show abstract

Section: Impact Of Tillage Systems On Winter Wheat Performance and Wesupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because tillage is frequently used in organic fields, the weed communities in those systems could shift to exclude perennial grasses and favor annual forbs, as frequent soil disturbance kills perennation structures and moves seeds to more surficial layers of the soil [40,41]. However, we also observed few of the perennial weeds such as C. arvense in our organic fields, possibly suggesting an ineffectiveness of tillage to control this species, but to break its roots and further increase its abundance and spread through vegetative propagation [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…However, organic farms in the drylands of NGP may face exacerbated challenges in weed management [36,37], as the weeds are often considered impediments to agricultural production [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013-2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.

show abstract

“…The relatively high abundance of perennial weed species in the HF, LF, and EWM systems, despite more intensive tillage, was likely due to the tillage and cultivation practices failing to reduce carbohydrate reserves in roots (Sonchus arvensis) and rhizomes (C. sepium). In a meta-analysis of perennial weed management in organic cropping systems, Orloff et al (2018) report that although mechanical weed control was the most commonly researched method, its efficacy was variable, and it did not outperform other methods of control. Differences in sprouting activity and readiness of root and rhizome buds in relation to tillage and cultivation is another potential reason why different perennial species were dominant in different cropping systems (Brandsaeter et al 2010).…”

Section: Weed Community Composition In Aw Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed community structure and soybean yields in a long-term organic cropping systems experiment

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Weed management is a major challenge in organic crop production, and organic farms generally harbor larger weed populations and more diverse communities compared with conventional farms. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of different organic management practices on weed communities and crop yields. In 2014 and 2015, we measured weed community structure and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield in a long-term experiment that compared four organic cropping systems that differed in nutrient inputs, tillage, and weed management intensity: (1) high fertility (HF), (2) low fertility (LF), (3) enhanced weed management (EWM), and (4) reduced tillage (RT). In addition, we created weed-free subplots within each system to assess the impact of weeds on soybean yield. Weed density was greater in the LF and RT systems compared with the EWM system, but weed biomass did not differ among systems. Weed species richness was greater in the RT system compared with the EWM system, and weed community composition differed between RT and other systems. Our results show that differences in weed community structure were primarily related to differences in tillage intensity, rather than nutrient inputs. Soybean yield was lower in the EWM system compared with the HF and RT systems. When averaged across all four cropping systems and both years, soybean yield in weed-free subplots was 10% greater than soybean yield in the ambient weed subplots that received standard management practices for the systems in which they were located. Although weed competition limited soybean yield across all systems, the EWM system, which had the lowest weed density, also had the lowest soybean yield. Future research should aim to overcome such trade-offs between weed control and yield potential, while conserving weed species richness and the ecosystem services associated with increased weed diversity.

show abstract

A meta-analysis of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) management in organic agricultural systems

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Weed community structure and soybean yields in a long-term organic cropping systems experiment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About