A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Naz, Marzieh Saei Ghare; Mousavi, Maryam; Mahboobifard, Fatemeh; Niknam, Atrin; Tehrani, Fahimeh Ramezani

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12122924

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…A change in pyodermic-dopaminergic tone has been hypothesized to explain this result 21 . However, recent investigations have shown prolactin rise in these patients is temporary and most likely due to underlying stress, the use of offending medications, or hypothyroidism 22 . In our case, the patient was also diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility

Badawei¹,

ALakkad²,

Murad³

2023

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic condition characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology and chronic oligo-anovulation. When it is combines with hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, this condition can have severe consequences, may even lead to infertility. Case Presentation: This case study illustrates the complexity of PCOS and the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to its diagnosis and therapy. The patient is a 24-year-old non diabetic nonsmoker female with PCOS who has been attempting to conceive for seven years. The patient presented to the hospital with irregular menstrual cycles and a desire to become pregnant. The patient had previously been unsuccessfully treated with Clomid and letrozole. The patient's BMI was determined to be 23. 3 and a pelvic scan indicated PCO ovaries. Laboratory results revealed hyperprolactinemia (53 ng/ml) and subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 12.6 uIU/ml, T4 0.54 ng/dL- TPO antibodies:187 IU/mL, Anti thyroglobulin antibodies 235 IU/mL), but a pituitary gland MRI was normal. Thyroid US features going with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The patient's PCOS symptoms were initially managed with metformin and Duphaston, and then Cabergoline was introduced to address hyperprolactinemia. The patient became pregnant shortly following hyperprolactinemia medication. Prenatal screenings revealed elevated fasting glucose levels and gestational diabetes. The patient's blood sugar was initially controlled by Metformin, but she later required multiple insulin doses to maintain control. The patient was scheduled for induction of labor at 38 weeks, but a lower segment emergency cesarean surgery was performed due to fetal distress. Conclusion: Regular monitoring and management of both PCOS and related conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia are crucial to ensure the best outcome for the patient. Additionally, we suggest Metformin, Duphaston, Cabergoline to treat PCOS patient having subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, gestational diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility

Badawei¹,

ALakkad²,

Murad³

2023

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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“…High blood PRL levels above the normal range can directly block the production and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, as well as limit GnRH secretion to the portal vein [32]. [33] were proposed that the stimulatory effects of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-Hfsh) increased the capacity for estradiol (E2) generation in women with PCOS, which may lead to an increase in PRL. Since Dopamine inhibits the secretion of pituitary prolactin, excessive luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) production in PCOS women may be connected to low dopamine (DA) hypothalamic tone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 and Fertility Hormones in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Ibrahim,

Sura Fouad Alsaffar

2024

IHJPAS

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a well-known endocrinopathy and one of the most frequent endocrine-reproductive-metabolic syndromes in women, which can result in reduced fertility. While the actual cause is unknown, PCOS is regarded as a complicated genetic characteristic with a great degree of variability. Moreover, hormones and immune cells, including both innate and acquired immune cells, are thought to interact in PCOS. Chronic low-grade inflammation raises the risk of autoimmune disease. The study's purpose is to investigate the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and fertility hormones in samples of women patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the City of Medicine. Sixty PCOS women comprise 30 healthy control women; their average age was 20–40 years, and their weight ranged from 60 to 100 kg. The results showed an increase in the level of MCP1 in PCOS patients, but this increase was not significant (P<0.05), which was not influenced by BMI or fertility hormones. As well as elevated fertility hormones, this study, when compared to controls as well as patients with PCOS, showed a significant increase in the level of testosterone (14.63 ±2.30 nmol/L) while in control women (0.627 ±0.04), LH hormone in patients and control group (6.54 ±0.51 mIU/mL), and 2.93 ±0.18, respectively. Prolactin hormone was increased in PCOS patients (16.27 ±1.25 ng/mL) when compared to the control group \ (12.85 ±0.62). There was no significant difference in FSH hormone in women with PCOS (5.27 ±0.28 mIU/mL) compared with the control group (5.59 ±0.18).

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“…However, the link between PCOS and high PRL seems to be more of a myth than a well-established medical reality due to the unclear mechanisms and needs a standard etiological investigation. [43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential effects of magnesium, chromium, vitamin C, and metformin on inflammatory, hormonal, and metabolic factors of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Pouraghajan,

Mohamadpour

2023

Preprint

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Background Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrinopathy affecting women, typically characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic anomalies including insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Numerous strategies have been explored to alleviate PCOS symptoms, but treatment-resistant cases still exist. This study aimed to assess the combined effects of vitamin C, chromium, magnesium, and metformin administration on the metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal profiles of PCOS patients. Methods A descriptive placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 77 women aged 18–40 diagnosed with PCOS with no effective response to standard and common treatment protocols. Each participant underwent clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic assessments before and after the supplementation. Initially, they were categorized into intervention and placebo groups based on the HOMA-IR index and serum magnesium levels using random block allocation. The intervention group received daily doses of 2000 mg of vitamin C, 375 mg of magnesium (if magnesium deficiency was present), 200 µg of chromium, and 500 mg of metformin. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Comparing data at the end of the study with baseline and placebo data, significant improvements were observed in serum carbohydrate parameters (fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and IR), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), and hormonal levels (prolactin, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol) (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a noteworthy reduction in the mean level of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) following supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that our combination supplement regimen can effectively enhance biochemical, inflammatory, and hormonal indicators in PCOS-positive women, potentially resulting in ovaries free of cysts.

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A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility

Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility

Assessment of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 and Fertility Hormones in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

The potential effects of magnesium, chromium, vitamin C, and metformin on inflammatory, hormonal, and metabolic factors of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

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