A meta-analysis of the correlations among broad intelligences: Understanding their relations

Bryan, Victoria M.; Mayer, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101469

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, when participants are instructed to be-creative , the correlation between DT and g c and DT and g f was quite similar. Notably, the usually high correlation between g f and g c ( r ≈ .60–.70; e.g., Bryan and Mayer 2020 ) could preclude finding a differential pattern for these intelligence facets. Hence, it seems that g c , namely knowledge, is required as a basic prerequisite and that g f is required to form and evaluate ideas when participants are explicitly instructed to be creative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Intelligence and Divergent Thinking—A Meta-Analytic Update

et al. 2021

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This paper provides a meta-analytic update on the relationship between intelligence and divergent thinking (DT), as research on this topic has increased, and methods have diversified since Kim’s meta-analysis in 2005. A three-level meta-analysis was used to analyze 849 correlation coefficients from 112 studies with an overall N = 34,610. The overall effect showed a significant positive correlation of r = .25. This increase of the correlation as compared to Kim’s prior meta-analytic findings could be attributed to the correction of attenuation because a difference between effect sizes prior-Kim vs. post-Kim was non-significant. Different moderators such as scoring methods, instructional settings, intelligence facets, and task modality were tested together with theoretically relevant interactions between some of these factors. These moderation analyses showed that the intelligence–DT relationship can be higher (up to r = .31–.37) when employing test-like assessments coupled with be-creative instructions, and considering DT originality scores. The facet of intelligence (g vs. gf vs. gc) did not affect the correlation between intelligence and DT. Furthermore, we found two significant sample characteristics: (a) average sample age was positively associated with the intelligence–DT correlation, and (b) the intelligence–DT correlation decreased for samples with increasing percentages of females in the samples. Finally, inter-moderator correlations were checked to take potential confounding into account, and also publication bias was assessed. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive picture of current research and possible research gaps. Theoretical implications, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Intelligence and Divergent Thinking—A Meta-Analytic Update

et al. 2021

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“…However, no investigations thus far have compared types of ability measures to explore whether verbal, numeric, or both are responsible for greater motivated reasoning. Because cognitive abilities tend to be correlated ( Bryan & Mayer, 2020 ; Cattell, 1963 ; McGrew, 2009 ), the only way to disentangle them is to include them as independent predictors in the same model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability-related political polarization in the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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In two large-scale longitudinal datasets (combined N = 5761), we investigated ability-related political polarization in responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed more polarization with greater ability in emotional responses, risk perceptions, and product-purchase intentions across five waves of data collection with a diverse, convenience sample from February 2020 through July 2020 (Study 1, N = 1267). Specifically, more liberal participants had more negative emotional responses and greater risk perceptions of COVID-19 than conservative participants. Compared to conservatives, liberal participants also interpreted quantitative information as indicating higher COVID-19 risk and sought COVID-related news more from liberal than conservative news media. Of key importance, we also compared verbal and numeric cognitive abilities for their independent capacity to predict greater polarization. Although measures of numeric ability, such as objective numeracy, are often used to index ability-related polarization, ideological differences were more pronounced among those higher in verbal ability specifically. Similar results emerged in secondary analysis of risk perceptions in a nationally representative longitudinal dataset (Study 2, N = 4494; emotions and purchase intentions were not included in this dataset). We further confirmed verbal-ability-related polarization findings on non-COVID policy attitudes (i.e., weapons bans and Medicare-for-all) measured cross-sectionally. The present Study 2 documented ability-related polarization emerging over time for the first time (rather than simply measuring polarization in existing beliefs). Both studies demonstrated verbal ability measures as the most robust predictors of ability-related polarization. Together, these results suggest that polarization may be a function of the amount and/or application of verbal knowledge rather than selective application of quantitative reasoning skills.

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“…This review study points out that mental simulation is an important strategy in spatial thinking, which will be enhanced by more analytical strategies, for example, task decomposition and rule-based reasoning, including the ability to select the best external performance for a task and to use novel external representations effectively ( Hegarty, 2010 ). In addition, a scaled research model must consider more than just a single intelligence ( Bryan and Mayer, 2020 ), so both intelligences required for creativity in the creative domain of graphic design were considered in this study. In this study, the theoretical framework of the ITI proposed by Dweck (2000) was used to investigate the relationship between IBAI, EBSI, SPA, and GCP, as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence Beliefs Predict Spatial Performance in Virtual Environments and Graphical Creativity Performance

Hong

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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Although intelligence beliefs have been applied to explain the influence of cognition, behavior, and creativity, the research on creativity is still limited. Therefore, in order to effectively expand the understanding of the influence of intelligence beliefs on the creative performance of learners’ graphics, the implicit theories of intelligence were exploited as the basis of this study. Three hypothetical pathways were proposed to be explored, and a research model was validated. First- and second-year students from a technical high school in New Taipei City were invited to participate. There were 273 valid data (88.9% of complete data). Reliability and validity analyses were performed, as well as overall model fit analysis and research model validation, and descriptive statistical analysis of the learners’ performance in applying the operational virtual reality (VR). The results of this study showed that: (1) Incremental beliefs of aesthetic intelligence had a positive effect on spatial performance; (2) entity belief of spatial intelligence (EBSI) had a negative effect on spatial performance; and (3) spatial performance had a positive effect on graphical design performance. From the results, it is clear that design teachers can assess students’ implicit beliefs in the early stages of teaching to actively promote better spatial performance when students show high levels of entity beliefs.

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A meta-analysis of the correlations among broad intelligences: Understanding their relations

Cited by 30 publications

References 92 publications

The Relationship between Intelligence and Divergent Thinking—A Meta-Analytic Update

The Relationship between Intelligence and Divergent Thinking—A Meta-Analytic Update

Ability-related political polarization in the COVID-19 pandemic

Intelligence Beliefs Predict Spatial Performance in Virtual Environments and Graphical Creativity Performance

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