A meta-analysis of the effect of virtual reality on reducing public speaking anxiety

Lim, Mei Hui; Aryadoust, Vahid; Esposito, Gianluca

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02684-6

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Nevertheless, these results may be comparable to other studies comparing VRET with in vivo control groups (Carl et al, 2019;Horigome et al, 2020;Reeves et al, 2021). A meta-analysis also found no significant differences when comparing VRET against other treatment methods (Lim et al, 2022). However, as there is limited evidence on VRET compared with other active intervention groups on adolescents, more studies are still needed to conclude on its efficacy compared to other intervention modalities in this target group with sufficient powered design.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with public speaking anxiety: a four-armed randomized controlled trial

Kahlon,

Lindner,

Nordgreen

2023

Front. Virtual Real.

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Objective: Public Speaking Anxiety is highly prevalent among adolescents. However, few interventions have been developed specifically for this group. This four-armed randomized trial addressed the following research questions regarding interventions for adolescents with public speaking anxiety (PSA): 1) is Virtual Reality exposure therapy (VRET) more efficacious than online psychoeducation or waitlist, and 2) is VRET followed by online exposure therapy more efficacious than VRET alone or online psychoeducation followed by online exposure therapy?Methods: Adolescents, aged 13–16 with PSA were randomized to four groups: 1) VRET + no additional intervention (n = 20); 2) VRET + online exposure program (n = 20); 3) online psychoeducation program + exposure program (n = 40); or 4) waitlist (n = 20). Self-rated PSA symptoms served as primary outcome measure, with secondary outcomes covering other social anxiety symptoms.Results: Linear mixed models revealed that there was a significant difference in the decrease in PSA symptoms among adolescents receiving VRET compared with waiting list (p = 0.015), but no significant difference to the online psychoeducation program (p = 0.056). However, online psychoeducation program yielded smaller within-group effect sizes compared to VRET, d = 0.33 vs. d = 0.83 respectively. VRET + online exposure program had a significant decrease in PSA symptoms (p = 0.013), but no significant difference from VRET + no additional intervention or online psychoeducation + online exposure program. Symptom reduction remained stable at 3-month follow-up.Conclusion: The study shows the potential of delivering both gamified VRET as well as online psychoeducation and exposure programs as self-guided interventions for adolescents with PSA.Clinical trial registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04396392

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with public speaking anxiety: a four-armed randomized controlled trial

Kahlon,

Lindner,

Nordgreen

2023

Front. Virtual Real.

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“…A broader meta-analyses search was made in the scoping review to find the answer to the first research question (see Figure 1 ). Nine meta-analyses ( Parsons and Rizzo, 2008 ; Opriş et al, 2012 ; Chesham et al, 2018 ; Carl et al, 2019 ; Wechsler et al, 2019 ; Horigome et al, 2020 ; Freitas et al, 2021 ; Morina et al, 2021 ; Lim et al, 2022 ), which included randomized control trials, provided effect sizes between the comparison groups, were published in the last decade and the English language were selected for the review. The meta-analyses covered substantially overlapping studies.…”

Section: Research Questions and Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gold-standard treatment for social anxiety disorder: A roadmap for the future

Chowdhury

Khandoker

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Exposure therapy (ET), which follows the Pavlovian extinction model, is regarded as the gold-standard treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). The prospect of virtual reality in lieu of a traditional laboratory setting for the treatment of SAD has not been rigorously explored. The aim of the review was to summarize, find gaps in the current literature, and formulate future research direction by identifying two broad research questions: the comparative efficacy between in vivo ET and virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) and the effectiveness of the Pavlovian extinction model in treating SAD. The criteria for effectiveness were effect size, relapse prevention, attrition rate and ecological validity. A literature search on recent randomized controlled trials yielded a total of 6 original studies (N=358), excluding duplication and overlapping participants. All studies supported that VRET was as effective as in vivo ET. Behavioral therapy that follows classical conditioning principles has a high attrition and relapse rate. Comparisons were drawn between the efficacy of the Pavlovian extinction model and other existing models, including third-wave approaches. The neural markers are suggested to be included as efficacy measures in treating SAD. The gold-standard treatment for SAD requires a paradigm shift through rigorous longitudinal comparative studies.

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“…The integration of technology in the classroom is not new particularly in English Language Teaching. Technology enhancement in ELT has been practiced for decades including the introduction of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) (John, 2018;Chen, X. L., Zou, D., Xie, H. R., & Su, F., 2021;Lim, M. H., & Aryadoust, V., 2022), Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) (Jeong, K. O., 2022;Li, F., Fan, S., & Wang, Y., 2022) and the presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Van Moere & Downey, 2016;Simamora, B., & Tenrisanna, R , 2023;Rukiati, E., Wicaksono, J. A., Taufan, G. T., & Suharsono, D. D., 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Assessment: A Study of the Perspectives and Beliefs of Elt Teachers in Central Java

HARTONO,

MURNIATI

2024

Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum)

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Due to its convenience, online assessment has become one of the most essential components in English Language Teaching (ELT). Online assessment has been more intensively used in English Language Teaching practices to complement conventional assessments. However, the success of online assessment implementation in ELT depends on the teachers’ perspectives and beliefs about online assessment itself. This paper explores the perspectives and beliefs of teachers in Central Java on online assessment in ELT and the factors underlying their perspectives and beliefs on the effectiveness of online assessment in ELT. This study employed a qualitative research design and collected data through semi structured interviews with twelve elementary school teachers in Central Java, Indonesia. The studied teachers had experience in online classes because of the school lockdown during the outbreak of Covid-19. The findings indicate that while they have positive perspectives towards the potential benefits of online assessment, they also express concerns on the reliability and validity of online assessment. The teachers that participated in the research highlighted the need for training and support in designing and implementing online forms of assessment, which allowed them to combine online and traditional assessment methods. Teachers mostly believe ELT is best applied through direct communicative interaction. Overall, this study sheds light on the complexities of online assessment in ELT.

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A meta-analysis of the effect of virtual reality on reducing public speaking anxiety

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with public speaking anxiety: a four-armed randomized controlled trial

Gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with public speaking anxiety: a four-armed randomized controlled trial

The gold-standard treatment for social anxiety disorder: A roadmap for the future

Online Assessment: A Study of the Perspectives and Beliefs of Elt Teachers in Central Java

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