A Meta-Analytic Review of Sex Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Samples

Doidge, Joshua; Flora, David B.; Toplak, Maggie E.

doi:10.1177/1087054718815588

Cited by 75 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(189 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the pattern of results (described thus far) should factor in gender.. Mirroring previous research, the present findings suggest that men and women with ADHD experience different challenges ( Doidge, 2017 ; Vogley, 2019 ). For example, previous research has found that women with ADHD may have more difficulties with delayed gratification than men with ADHD, and that this can at least partly explain women with ADHD’s overall greater impairment ( Doidge, 2017 ) Women with ADHD are also at enhanced risk for relationship problems ( Tureau, 2004 ). Paradoxically, however, women with ADHD have higher educational attainment than men with ADHD ( Velki & Vrdoljak, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Reduced organizational skills in adults with ADHD are due to deficits in persistence, not in strategies

Durand

Arbone

Wharton

2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with poor organizational skills, as per the definition of ADHD. However, the contribution of each of the following factors (and their interactions) to the aforementioned poor organization, while comparing individuals with and without ADHD, has not been analyzed in-depth: Work Organization; Communication Clarity; Punctuality; Goal-oriented behaviour; Assiduity; Workspace Organization; Strategies; and Attentiveness. The purpose is to examine the self-reported levels of organizational skills in adults with and without ADHD. Methods Seven hundred seventy-four (n = 303 with a diagnosis of ADHD) adults from the community were recruited online. Participants completed a measure of organizational skills and a screening measure of ADHD. Results Participants with a diagnosis of ADHD displayed lower scores than individuals without a diagnosis of ADHD on all organizational skills with the exception of using strategies to remain organized and learn new information. Higher levels of education were associated with higher levels of organizational skills. While there was no difference between males and females with ADHD, females without ADHD scored higher than males without ADHD. Conclusion This study supports that individuals with ADHD can efficiently develop strategies, but may have difficulties using those strategies in a continuous manner. Suggestions to increase organizational skills in adults with ADHD are presented.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Reduced organizational skills in adults with ADHD are due to deficits in persistence, not in strategies

Durand

Arbone

Wharton

2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This sample promoted homogeneity for consideration of underlying mechanisms; however, generalizability of findings to males remains to be established. Effects of gender on hypothetical intertemporal choice have been mixed [126][127][128], with findings thought to be due in part to hormonal influences on neurobiological mechanisms of reward [129]. Such factors could differentially affect experiential intertemporal choices and may need to be controlled for in future studies.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When faced with intertemporal choices, people typically devalue rewards available in the future compared to rewards more immediately available, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Decisions involving intertemporal choices arise daily, with critical impact on health and financial wellbeing. Although many such decisions are “experiential” in that they involve delays and rewards that are experienced in real-time and can inform subsequent choices, most studies have focused on intertemporal choices with hypothetical outcomes (or outcomes delivered after all decisions are made). The present study focused on experiential intertemporal choices. First, a novel intertemporal choice task was developed and validated, using delays experienced in real time and artistic photographs as consumable perceptual rewards. Second, performance on the experiential task was compared to performance on a classic intertemporal choice task with hypothetical outcomes. Involvement of distinct processes across tasks was probed by examining differential relations to state and trait anxiety. A two-parameter logistic function framework was proposed to fit indifference point data. This approach accounts for individual variability not only in the delay at which an individual switches from choosing the delayed to more immediate option, but also in the slope of that switch. Fit results indicated that the experiential task elicited temporal discounting, with effective trade-off between delay and perceptual reward. Comparison with the hypothetical intertemporal choice task suggested distinct mechanisms: first, temporal discounting across the two tasks was not correlated; and second, state and trait anxiety both were associated with choice behavior in the experiential task, albeit in distinct ways, whereas neither was significantly associated with choice behavior in the hypothetical task. The engagement of different processes in the experiential compared to hypothetical task may align with neural evidence for the recruitment of the hippocampus in animal but not in classic human intertemporal choice studies.

show abstract

“…For example, DRD might be linked to parent marital status through the association of parent marital status and socioeconomic status (Karney, 2021) or through the association of marriage with religiosity (Pew Research Center, 2014), which has been linked to lower rates of DRD (Weatherly & Plumm, 2012). A recent meta-analysis did not find sex differences in DRD among typically developing children, though it did find higher DRD in females with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder than males with the disorder (Doidge et al, 2021). However, in the present study, being male was a predictor of higher DRD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-year predictions of delayed reward discounting in the adolescent brain cognitive development study.

Hahn¹,

Allgaier²,

MacKillop³

et al. 2022

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Steep discounting of delayed rewards is a factor in many behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. The present study demonstrates that steepness of discounting can be reliably predicted 1 year in advance in 10/11-year-old children using a machine learning approach with an array of questionnaire and task data. Specific variables predictive of discounting include sociodemographic factors, cognitive ability, developmental history, screen media activity, impulsive personality traits, and social activities.

show abstract

A Meta-Analytic Review of Sex Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Samples

Cited by 75 publications

References 133 publications

Reduced organizational skills in adults with ADHD are due to deficits in persistence, not in strategies

Reduced organizational skills in adults with ADHD are due to deficits in persistence, not in strategies

Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task

One-year predictions of delayed reward discounting in the adolescent brain cognitive development study.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About