A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

Miguelino, Eric S.

doi:10.1080/1059924x.2014.946636

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dermal contact and inhalation were the main routes of exposure ( 4 ). Agricultural workers can be exposed to pesticides by spills and splashes of concentrated and diluted pesticides in the mixing of the pesticides, therefore, not wearing gloves during this operation may increase the risk of being exposed to pesticide drips and splashes from both concentrated and diluted ( 4 , 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators

Chittrakul

Sapbamrer

Hongsibsong

2022

Front. Public Health

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Inappropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among pesticide applicators may increase urinary organophosphate (OP) metabolite levels and subsequently increase risks of cognitive performance. Therefore, this study aims to (1) compare urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance between pre-and post-pesticide application seasons; (2) PPE use and factors associated with PPE use linked to increased urinary OP metabolite levels during pesticide application; and (3) the association between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance. This longitudinal follow-up study on 79 pesticide applicators was carried out between October 2021 and January 2022. The applicators were interviewed, collected urine samples, and tested for cognitive performance in pre-and post-pesticide application seasons. The results found that the levels of urinary OP metabolites in post-application season were significantly higher than those in pre-application season (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis found that increased total diethylphosphate (DEP) and total dialkylphosphate (DAP) levels were associated with not wearing gloves while mixing pesticides [beta (β) ± standard error (SE) = −43.74 ± 18.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −80.84, −6.64 for total DEP and −50.84 ± 19.26, 95% CI = −89.41, −12.26 for total DAP] and also with not wearing a mask while spraying pesticides (β ± SE = −31.76 ± 12.24, 95% CI = −56.28, −7.24 for total DEP and −33.20 ± 12.63, 95% CI = −58.49, −7.92 for total DAP) after adjusting for covariates. The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Thai, Thai Mental State Examination, and Mini-Cognitive test in post-pesticide application were significantly lower than those in pre-pesticide application (p < 0.001). However, no association was found between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive decline. Our findings indicate that inappropriate PPE use during pesticide application was the major factor affecting urinary OP metabolite levels among pesticide applicators. Wearing gloves when mixing pesticides and a mask when spraying pesticides were key factors in reducing occupational exposure to OP. Exposure to OP at low levels and for short periods of exposure may not affect cognitive performance significantly. Therefore, long-term exposure and exposure to high levels of OP should be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators

Chittrakul

Sapbamrer

Hongsibsong

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Although most pesticide handlers wore long-sleeved shirts and long trousers to protect themselves from dermal exposure to pesticides, these items of personal protective clothing (PPC) did not meet the standard for chemical protection. This PPC is usually made of woven fabric, therefore pesticides can pass through the skin, depending on the type of pesticide and the type and weight of the fabric [ 6 , 7 ]. Commercial PPC has proven to meet the standard for protection against chemicals, but pesticide handlers in low and middle-low-income countries cannot purchase commercial PPC because it is relatively expensive and is usually single-use (disposable).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Gum Rosin-Coated Personal Protective Clothing to Protect against Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Applicators

Sapbamrer

Naksata

Hongsibsong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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An ideal theoretical model for personal protective clothing (PPC) is to protect wearers from external workplace hazards while meeting certain ergonomic requirements. This study aims to compare the efficiency of different personal protective clothing in its protection against chlorpyrifos, including gum rosin-coated PPC, commercial PPC (Tychem® coverall), and everyday clothing, during application under field conditions. Perception of discomfort and physiological effects after wearing PPC were also investigated. Thirty-one applicators were invited and consented to participate in the study. The study established that the median percentage of chlorpyrifos protection efficiency was 90.7% for commercial PPC, 89.2% for gum rosin-coated PPC, and 76.5% for everyday PPC. When the protection efficiency was compared among the different types of PPC, the percentage protection efficiency of gum rosin-coated PPC was not significantly different from that of commercial PPC. The percentage protection efficiencies of commercial PPC and gum rosin-coated PPC were significantly higher than that of everyday PPC. The major characteristics of gum rosin-coated PPC were water-repellency, breathability, low cost, and ease of manufacture. Therefore, this study suggests that gum rosin-coated PPC is a reasonable alternative PPC for farmers, particularly in low and middle-low-income countries and tropical climates, to protect against pesticides while providing acceptable comfort.

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“…The workers who carry out these activities can be exposed to pesticides as a result of spills and splashes, and also due to direct contact with the spray. Therefore, the main routes of exposure are dermal contact and inhalation (Damalas & Koutroubas, 2016;Gupta, 2012;Miguelino, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we surveyed, the woven fabrics commonly worn by Thai agricultural workers are usually made of cotton, polyester, and a cotton/polyester blend. Different characteristics of various woven fabrics have different abilities prevent the penetration of chemicals through to the skin (Lee & Obendorf, 2005;Miguelino, 2014;Shaw & Schiffelbein, 2016a). A laboratory study by Jain and Raheel (2003) also mentioned that the penetration of atrazine and pendimethalin ranged from 22.88% to 84.74% for 100% cotton, 51.8-84.8% for polyester, and 68.2-88.9% for cotton/polyester blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors associated with the exposure risk of pesticides are the type of chemical involved, concentration of the chemicals, chemical composition, and time of exposure to chemicals. Fabric factors include type of fabric, thickness, fabric weight, bound or seal seam, yarn twist and wicking, waterproof characteristics of fabrics, and design features (Macfarlane et al, 2013;Miguelino, 2014;Shaw & Schiffelbein, 2016a). Water repellence is also a crucial factor in the protection against pesticide exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to protect agricultural workers from exposure to pesticides: Effectiveness of woven and natural resin-coated fabrics

et al. 2021

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Agricultural workers in low and middle-income countries usually wear their everyday clothing made of woven fabrics during pesticide application. Different characteristics of various woven fabrics have different abilities to prevent the penetration of pesticides through to the skin. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this study is that agricultural workers in Thailand can choose a suitable fabric of protective clothing to protect themselves from pesticide exposure. This study aims to investigate pesticide penetration levels in different woven fabrics, and to explore factors affecting levels of pesticide penetration through fabrics. In addition, our study aims to produce cotton fabrics coated with a natural resin to obtain water-repellent characteristics and evaluate their effectiveness in protecting against pesticides. Four pesticides used in the testing process were chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, paraquat, and glyphosate. The results found that a suitable fabric to protect agricultural workers from pesticide exposure is a fabric which made of 100% cotton and have greater weight. With regard to natural resin-coated fabrics, fabric C1-R showed the highest levels of effectiveness in protecting against the pesticides (range between 89%-95%). The natural resin-coated fabric is an alternative fabric in the protection against pesticides for agricultural workers in low and middle-income countries when commercial PPE are prohibitively expensive.

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A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators

Efficiency of Gum Rosin-Coated Personal Protective Clothing to Protect against Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Applicators

How to protect agricultural workers from exposure to pesticides: Effectiveness of woven and natural resin-coated fabrics

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