A metabolite of leucine (β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) given to sows during pregnancy alters bone development of their newborn offspring by hormonal modulation

Abstract

The effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during gestation on bone, growth plate, and articular cartilage in newborns were determined. Thermal analysis of articular cartilage was performed to examine the structural changes in collagen. At day 70 of gestation, a total of 12 sows (Large White Polish breed, at the second parity) were randomly assigned to two groups, with each group receiving either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.2 g/day HMB until the 90th day. Maternal HMB supplementation enhanced body weight, bone length, and diameter in males. It also improved geometric and mechanical properties contributing to increased bone morphology and endurance. In turn, alteration of the length was only observed in females. The positive effects were mediated by increased serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin. HMB-treatment enhanced the concentration of FSH, LH, estradiol, and testosterone. Serum TAP was enhanced by the HMB-treatment by 34% in females and 138% in males. Beneficial effects of the HMB-treatment on trabecular bone and content of proteoglycans in articular cartilage were shown. The HMB-treatment significantly changed the collagen structure in cartilages, especially in the females, which was demonstrated by the PSR analysis. Differences between the HMB-supplemented and the control females in the calorimetric peak temperatures were presumably related to different collagen fibril density in the articular cartilage structure. In summary, maternal HMB supplementation in the mid-gestation period significantly improved general growth and mechanical endurance of long bones by the influence on the somatotropic and pituitary-gonadal axes in the offspring.

Subsequent somatic axis and bone tissue metabolism responses to a low-zinc diet with or without phytase inclusion in broiler chickens

“…Documentation of the images was performed by a high-resolution CDD camera (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Maturity of collagen was estimated by calculating the red versus green ratio, where red indicates thick, more mature collagen fibres and green indicates the thinner, immature collagen fibres in PSR sections [ 37 ].…”

The Dietary Inclusion of Chickpea Seeds (Cicer Arietinum L.) Influences the Thermal Properties of Muscle Proteins, But Not the Texture of Drumstick Muscle in Broiler Chickens

“…For each transition peak, onset temperature (Ton), temperature at maximum heat absorption (Tmax), and net enthalpy (∆H) of denaturation were determined using a software integrated with the calorimeter. Finally, the punctured pans were dried for 24 h at 105°C to determine sample moisture content (Blicharski et al, 2017). One analysis for each muscle sample was performed.…”

Effect of Soybean Meal Substitution by Raw Chickpea Seeds on Thermal Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue of Broiler Chickens

“…The samples were subjected to the following temperature program: a 30 • C isotherm for 5 min, cooled from 30 to −80 • C at a rate of 10 • C/min, −80 • C isotherm for 5 min, heated from −80 to 80 • C at a rate of 10 • C/min. After the analyses, punctured pans were dried for 24 h at 105 • C to determine sample moisture content [33]. The manufacturer's software (TA Instruments Operating Software) program, integrated with the calorimeter, was used to analyse and plot the thermal data.…”