Highly selective separation and purification of acetylene
(C2H2) from ethylene (C2H4)
and carbon dioxide (CO2) are daunting challenges in light
of their similar molecule sizes and physical properties. Herein, we
report a two-dimensional (2D) stable metal–organic framework
(MOF), NUM-11 ([Cu(Hmpba)2]·1.5DMF) (H2mpba = 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic
acid), with sql topology, stacked together through
π–π interactions for efficient separation of C2H2 from C2H4 and CO2. The 2D-MOF material offers high hydrolytic stability and good purification
capacity; especially, it could survive in water for 7 months, even
longer. This stable MOF selectively captures C2H2 from mixtures containing C2H4 and CO2, as determined by adsorption isotherms. The ideal adsorbed solution
theory selectivity calculations and transient breakthrough experiments
were performed to verify the separation capacity. The low isosteric
heat of NUM-11a (desolvated NUM-11) (18.24 kJ mol–1 for C2H2) validates the feasibility of adsorbent regeneration
with low energy footprint consumption. Furthermore, Grand Canonical
Monte Carlo simulations confirmed that the pore surface of the NUM-11 framework enabled preferential binding
of C2H2 over C2H4 and
CO2 via multiple C–H···O, C–H···π,
and C–H···C interactions. This work provides
some insights to prepare stable MOF materials toward the purification
of C2H2, and the water-stable structure, low
isosteric heat, and good cycling stability of NUM-11 make it very promising for practical industrial application.