The development of novel sample preparation media plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical analysis. To facilitate the extraction and enrichment of pharmaceutical molecules in complex samples, various functionalized materials have been developed and prepared as adsorbents. Recently, some functionalized porous organic materials have become adsorbents for pharmaceutical analysis due to their unique properties of adsorption and recognition. These advanced porous organic materials, combined with consequent analytical techniques, have been successfully used for pharmaceutical analysis in complex samples such as environmental and biological samples. This review encapsulates the progress of advanced porous materials for pharmaceutical analysis including pesticides, antibiotics, chiral drugs, and other compounds in the past decade. In addition, we also address the limitations and future trends of these porous organic materials in pharmaceutical analysis.