A Method for Estimating Wind-Driven Frictional, Time-Dependent, Stratified Shelf and Slope Water Flow

Clarke, Allan J.; Gorder, Stephen Van

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1986)016<1013:amfewd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 101 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Derivation and application of CTW theory are discussed extensively by Clarke and Van Gorder (1986) and will only be summarized briefly here. Time-dependent effects of alongshore wind stress are included in the model, along with rotation, continuous stratification, bottom slope, and weak bottom friction.…”

Section: ) Coastal Trapped Wave Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A linear CTW model is also used, which is forced by temporally and spatially variable winds along the coast but excludes the effects of complex topography, open-ocean forcing, wind stress curl, and the b effect. These limitations are less restrictive in the northern CCS than at locations farther south because the region lies north of latitudes where seasonal Rossby wave propagation occurs (Clarke and Shi 1991;Kelly et al 1993) and wind stress curl is relatively weak (Bakun and Nelson 1991). This model can be directly compared with observations and includes the basic ingredients in wind-driven theories of undercurrent generation: alongshore structure in wind stress, alongshore pressure gradients, and stratification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coastal Trapped Waves, Alongshore Pressure Gradients, and the California Undercurrent*

Connolly

Hickey

Shulman

et al. 2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The California Undercurrent (CUC), a poleward-flowing feature over the continental slope, is a key transport pathway along the west coast of North America and an important component of regional upwelling dynamics. This study examines the poleward undercurrent and alongshore pressure gradients in the northern California Current System (CCS), where local wind stress forcing is relatively weak. The dynamics of the undercurrent are compared in the primitive equation Navy Coastal Ocean Model and a linear coastal trapped wave model. Both models are validated using hydrographic data and current-meter observations in the core of the undercurrent in the northern CCS. In the linear model, variability in the predominantly equatorward wind stress along the U.S. West Coast produces episodic reversals to poleward flow over the northern CCS slope during summer. However, reproducing the persistence of the undercurrent during late summer requires additional incoming energy from sea level variability applied south of the region of the strongest wind forcing. The relative importance of the barotropic and baroclinic components of the modeled alongshore pressure gradient changes with latitude. In contrast to the southern and central portions of the CCS, the baroclinic component of the alongshore pressure gradient provides the primary poleward force at CUC depths over the northern CCS slope. At time scales from weeks to months, the alongshore pressure gradient force is primarily balanced by the Coriolis force associated with onshore flow.

show abstract

Section: ) Coastal Trapped Wave Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Trapped Waves, Alongshore Pressure Gradients, and the California Undercurrent*

Connolly

Hickey

Shulman

et al. 2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(See Brink, 1982a. ) This is an improved version due to Clarke and Van Gorder (1985). Finally, at various points in the output, t~e contributions of u and v to wave kinetic energy, and of p and free-surface height to wave potential energy are given.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programs for computing properties of coastal-trapped waves and wind-driven motions over the continental shelf and slope

Brink¹,

Chapman²

1987

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this linear CTW framework, each mode propagates independently of the others, and is forced by the projection of the (wind) forcing on it. If the forcing and the resulting waves have a large enough length scale, the waves are non-dispersive and are governed by the so-called "first-order wave equation" (FOWE); see, for example, Clarke and Van Gorder (1986). Under this approximation, wave periods are in the range of several days to a few weeks and along-shelf motion scales are much longer than the shelf width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory simulations of coastally trapped waves with rotation, topography and stratification

Baines

Boyer

Xie

2005

Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe observations of the generation and propagation of coastally trapped waves in the laboratory and their comparison with theory, over a range of values of several experimental parameters. The topography and stratification used consisted of a sloping continental shelf and vertical continental slope with three-layer stratification that could be approximated by an extended version of the Gill and Clarke model [Gill, A.E., Clarke, A., 1974. Wind-induced upwelling, coastal currents and sea level changes. Deep Sea Res. 21, 325-345]. The latter was modified to accommodate a central mixed layer, curved geometry, and friction on the shelf. This configuration represents coastal geometry with large Burger number. The experiments were successful in realizing coastally trapped waves that were consistent with the theoretical expectations. However, the waves propagated more slowly, and for narrow shelves were damped more rapidly than predicted by the theory. The first was attributed to: (i) the effect of stratification on fluid on the shelf, reducing the topographic Rossby wave effect; (ii) the parameterization of the viscosity. The second difference was attributed to the mechanism of generation: the paddle used did not always generate sinusoidal waves, and the subsequent dispersion resulted in a net loss of amplitude.

show abstract

A Method for Estimating Wind-Driven Frictional, Time-Dependent, Stratified Shelf and Slope Water Flow

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Coastal Trapped Waves, Alongshore Pressure Gradients, and the California Undercurrent*

Coastal Trapped Waves, Alongshore Pressure Gradients, and the California Undercurrent*

Programs for computing properties of coastal-trapped waves and wind-driven motions over the continental shelf and slope

Laboratory simulations of coastally trapped waves with rotation, topography and stratification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About