A method for quantifying state-dependency with chlordiazepoxide in rats

Colpaert, Françis C.

doi:10.1007/bf00172887

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…After an extensive review of the literature, Overton concluded that state-dependent learning, when it occurs, probably reflects the discriminative stimulus effects of the training drugs. Colpaert (1986), on the other hand, suggested that state-dependent learning could underlie multiple effects of drugs, including those reported here. The present experiments used a procedure that was similar to the one used by Colpaert (1986Colpaert ( , 1990.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Colpaert (1986), on the other hand, suggested that state-dependent learning could underlie multiple effects of drugs, including those reported here. The present experiments used a procedure that was similar to the one used by Colpaert (1986Colpaert ( , 1990. For example, in one of a series of experiments Colpaert (1990) trained groups of rats to lever press on FR 10 schedules of food reinforcement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Discrimination of Methadone and Cocaine by Pigeons Without Explicit Discrimination Training

Schaal

McDonald

Miller

et al. 1996

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n ϭ 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n ϭ 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n ϭ 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and saline were administered prior to 20-min extinction sessions separated by at least four training sessions. Rate of pecking during these extinction tests was generally an increasing function of dose, with the lowest rates obtained following saline and low doses and the highest rates obtained following doses near the training doses. Dose functions from pigeons trained with 5.6 mg/kg cocaine were steeper than those from pigeons trained with 3.0 mg/kg cocaine. Pigeons trained with methadone or 3.0 mg/kg cocaine were then given discrimination training, in which food reinforcement followed drug administration and 20-min extinction sessions followed saline administration. Rates of pecking under these conditions quickly diverged until near-zero rates were obtained following saline and high rates were obtained following drug. Discrimination training steepened dose functions for the training drugs, and the effects of several other substituted drugs depended on the pharmacology of the training drug. The pigeons trained with 5.6 mg/kg cocaine were tested with d-amphetamine, methadone, and morphine prior to discrimination training. d-Amphetamine increased rates dose dependently, and methadone and morphine did not. The results suggest that discriminative control by methadone and cocaine was established without explicit discrimination training.Key words: drug discrimination, state-dependent learning, stimulus control, methadone, cocaine, key peck, pigeonsIn the classic study of stimulus generalization by Guttman and Kalish (1956), different pigeons were trained to peck a key lit from behind with lights of various wavelengths. Pecks were reinforced with food according to a variable-interval (VI) 1-min schedule. When a range of other wavelength stimuli were presented during 30-s extinction periods, inverted U-shaped generalization gradients were obtained, with the highest rate of pecking occurring during the wavelength presented during training (Sϩ). This study introduced methods for the study of generalization in individual subjects, and inspired much research on factors that determine the form of generalization gradients (see Honig & Urcuioli,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Discrimination of Methadone and Cocaine by Pigeons Without Explicit Discrimination Training

Schaal

McDonald

Miller

et al. 1996

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, the failure found here, of up to lethal doses of ethanot to produce StD is all the more remarkable as it occurred under conditions in which large StD effects can be obtained with what arguably are low doses of the benzodiazepine CDP (Colpaert 1986b(Colpaert , 1990, the alpha2 antagonist yohimbine (Colpaert 1990) and various competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists (Jackson et al 1992). Ongoing work in this laboratory confirms low doses of CDP and of various other agents to produce StD under conditions that are precisely identical to those used in the present experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In this DD procedure, the dependent variable consists of the lever (SL or DL) which the animal selects at the beginning of an operant session. We have found (Colpaert 1986b) that the same completion of an FR10 schedule of bar presses for food on an operant lever can also demonstrate StD in food-deprived rats. In this StD procedure, the animals are trained to complete the FR10 schedule within 120 s following the beginning of a session, and the timely completion of the schedule constitutes a dependent variable measuring the extent to which transfer occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Empirical evidence that the state dependence and drug discrimination paradigms can generate different outcomes

Colpaert

Koek

1995

Psychopharmacology

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The study compared the outcomes generated by the State Dependence and Drug Discrimination paradigms with ethanol in the rat. Food-deprived rats learned to complete a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of bar presses for food within 120 s while treated with 320- to 1250-mg/kg doses of ethanol. Subsequent tests of recall of this response with saline failed to generate any evidence that transfer was hampered following the drug-to-saline state change. In contrast, each of 14 rats learned to discriminate 1250 mg/kg ethanol from saline in a Drug Discrimination procedure that also required the animals to press one of two levers for food according to a fixed- ratio 10 schedule. The results offer the first empirical evidence to demonstrate directly that the State Dependence and Drug Discrimination paradigms can generate different outcomes in otherwise identical experimental conditions.

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“…The purpose of the current experiment was to test state-dependent effects of cocaine using a 2 × 2 factorial design with training state (drug or no drug) as one factor and test state (drug or no drug) as the other factor [see 21, 22, and 23 for reviews]. Two groups will have a shift in drug state from training to testing while two groups will remain in the same state during training and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine induces state-dependent learning of sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail

Gill

Rice

Akins

2015

Physiology & Behavior

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State dependent learning effects have been widely studied in a variety of drugs of abuse. However, they have yet to be studied in relation to sexual motivation. The current study investigated state-dependent learning effects of cocaine in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using a sexual conditioning paradigm. Cocaine-induced state-dependent learning effects were investigated using a 2 × 2 factorial design with training state as one factor and test state as the other factor. During a 14-day training phase, male quail were injected once daily with 10 mg/kg cocaine or saline and then placed in a test chamber after 15 min. In the test chamber, sexual conditioning trials consisted of presentation of a light conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by sexual reinforcement. During the state dependent test, half of the birds received a shift in drug state from training to testing (Coc → Sal or Sal → Coc) while the other half remained in the same drug state (Coc → Coc or Sal → Sal). Results showed that male quail that were trained and tested in the same state (Coc → Coc or Sal → Sal) showed greater sexual conditioning than male quail that were trained and tested in different states (Sal → Coc) except when cocaine was administered chronically prior to the test (Coc → Sal). For the latter condition, sexual conditioning persisted from cocaine training to the saline test. The findings suggest that state dependent effects may alter sexual motivation and that repeated exposure to cocaine during sexual activity may increase sexual motivation which may, in turn, may lead to high risk sexual activities. An alternative explanation for the findings is also discussed.

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A method for quantifying state-dependency with chlordiazepoxide in rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Discrimination of Methadone and Cocaine by Pigeons Without Explicit Discrimination Training

Discrimination of Methadone and Cocaine by Pigeons Without Explicit Discrimination Training

Empirical evidence that the state dependence and drug discrimination paradigms can generate different outcomes

Cocaine induces state-dependent learning of sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail

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