A Method for Sampling Waste Corn

Frederick, Robert; Klaas, Erwin E.; Baldassarre, Guy A.; Reinecke, Kenneth J.

doi:10.2307/3808493

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our sampling corresponded with pre‐arrival or early‐migration of ducks, geese, and cranes (2005: 2 Feb–4 Mar; 2006: 9 Feb–6 Mar; 2007: 21 Feb–9 Mar). We sampled residual corn using methods similar to Frederick et al (1984), Reinecke and Krapu (1986), and Krapu et al (2004). We randomly located 3 to 6 sampling‐plot pairs in each field (numbers of plot pairs corresponded to field size); however, plots were not located within 20 m from field edges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We randomly located 3 to 6 sampling‐plot pairs in each field (numbers of plot pairs corresponded to field size); however, plots were not located within 20 m from field edges. Cob plots were 36 m 2 and were paired with an adjoining 4‐m 2 total corn plot (Frederick et al 1984). We collected all corn, including loose kernels and ears or pieces of ears, from the small plot, whereas we collected only ears or pieces of ears containing ≥10 kernels from the large plot (Frederick et al 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cob plots were 36 m 2 and were paired with an adjoining 4‐m 2 total corn plot (Frederick et al 1984). We collected all corn, including loose kernels and ears or pieces of ears, from the small plot, whereas we collected only ears or pieces of ears containing ≥10 kernels from the large plot (Frederick et al 1984). We collected corn from the surface of the soil, including under litter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska

2011

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Millions of ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; hereafter cranes) stop in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska to store nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming corn remaining in fields after harvest. We examined factors that influence use of cornfields by cranes and geese (all mid‐continent species combined; e.g., Anser, Chen, and Branta spp.) because it is a key step to efficient conservation planning aimed at ensuring that adequate food resources are available to migratory birds stopping in the CPRV. Distance to night‐time roost site, segment of the CPRV (west to east), and agricultural practices (post‐harvest treatment of cornfields: idle, grazed, mulched, mulched and grazed, and tilled) were the most important and influential variables in our models for geese and cranes. Probability of cornfield use by geese and cranes decreased with increasing distance from the closest potential roosting site. The use of cornfields by geese increased with the density of corn present there during the early migration period, but field use by cranes appeared not to be influenced by early migration corn density. However, probability of cornfield use by cranes did increase with the amount of wet grassland habitat within 4.8 km of the field. Geese were most likely to use fields that were tilled and least likely to use fields that were mulched and grazed. Cranes were most likely to use fields that were mulched and least likely to use fields that were tilled, but grazing appeared not to influence the likelihood of field use by cranes. Geese were more likely to use cornfields in western segments of the CPRV, but cranes were more likely to use cornfields in eastern segments. Our data suggest that managers could favor crane use of fields and reduce direct competition with geese by reducing fall and spring tilling and increasing mulching. Moreover, crane conservation efforts would be most beneficial if they were focused in the eastern portions of the CPRV and in fields as close as possible to both known roosting and large amounts of wet grassland habitats. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska

2011

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“…We sampled residual corn using methods similar to Frederick et al (1984), Reinecke and Krapu (1986), and Krapu et al (2004). We sampled proportionally to area, sampling at 3–6 randomly chosen sampling locations in each field (numbers of locations corresponded to field size) during each sampling period (without replacement); however, we did not sample within 20 m of field edges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We sampled proportionally to area, sampling at 3–6 randomly chosen sampling locations in each field (numbers of locations corresponded to field size) during each sampling period (without replacement); however, we did not sample within 20 m of field edges. At each location, we positioned a 36‐m 2 large plot adjacent to a 4‐m 2 small plot (Frederick et al 1984). We collected all loose kernels and ears or pieces of ears from the small plot, and we collected ears or pieces of ears containing ≥10 kernels from the large plot (Frederick et al 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska

2011

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Nebraska's Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring‐staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005–2007, we measured residual corn density in randomly selected harvested cornfields during early (n = 188) and late migration (n = 143) periods. We estimated the mean density of residual corn for the CPRV and examined the influence of agricultural practices (post‐harvest field management) and migration period on residual corn density. During the early migration period, residual corn density was greater in idle harvested fields than any other treatments of fields (42%, 48%, 53%, and 92% more than grazed, grazed and mulched, mulched, and tilled fields, respectively). Depletion of residual corn from early to late migration did not differ among post‐harvest treatments but was greatest during the year when overall corn density was lowest (2006). Geometric mean early‐migration residual corn density for the CPRV in 2005–2007 (42.4 kg/ha; 95% CI = 35.2–51.5 kg/ha) was markedly lower than previously published estimates, indicating that there has been a decrease in abundance of residual corn available to waterfowl during spring staging. Increases in harvest efficiency have been implicated as a cause for decreasing corn densities since the 1970s. However, our data show that post‐harvest management of cornfields also can substantially influence the density of residual corn remaining in fields during spring migration. Thus, managers may be able to influence abundance of high‐energy foods for spring‐staging migratory birds in the CPRV through programs that influence post‐harvest management of cornfields. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

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Ressources en maïs et stationnement hivernal des grues cendrées (Grus grus) dans le sud-ouest de la France

Génard¹,

Lanusse²,

Béreyziat³

1991

Can. J. Zool.

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The influence of distribution and abundance of food (maize) on Common Crane behaviour and distribution patterns in time and space was analysed in the farmlands of south-western France. The maize stock most likely to be exploited by cranes gradually decreases from November to March because of autumnal germination, seed mass loss during winter, and burial during tilling of the soil. The variation of crane numbers over time does not depend on seed stock changes. The feeding behaviour of these birds does not change with decreasing seed availability, whereas gregariousness increases. The plots most likely to be selected by cranes offer accessibility to seeds and the best food supplies: crushed maize, in the first instance, and when this is not available, pulverized maize. Feeding behaviour and gregariousness do not vary with plot quality.

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A Method for Sampling Waste Corn

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska

Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska

Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska

Ressources en maïs et stationnement hivernal des grues cendrées (Grus grus) dans le sud-ouest de la France

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