A Method for the Estimation of Prehistoric Pueblo Populations

Clarke, Steven K.

doi:10.1080/00231940.1974.11757797

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To translate our floor area calculations into estimates of population, we chose not to rely on cross-cultural constants (74)(75)(76)(77)(78) or calculations based on ethnographic data (42,79). Instead, we developed a new estimate of the average floor area occupied per Pueblo person in the Northern Rio Grande region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE

Liebmann

Farella

Roos

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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Native American populations declined between 1492 and 1900 CE, instigated by the European colonization of the Americas. However, the magnitude, tempo, and ecological effects of this depopulation remain the source of enduring debates. Recently, scholars have linked indigenous demographic decline, Neotropical reforestation, and shifting fire regimes to global changes in climate, atmosphere, and the Early Anthropocene hypothesis. In light of these studies, we assess these processes in conifer-dominated forests of the Southwest United States. We compare light detection and ranging data, archaeology, dendrochronology, and historical records from the Jemez Province of New Mexico to quantify population losses, establish dates of depopulation events, and determine the extent and timing of forest regrowth and fire regimes between 1492 and 1900. We present a new formula for the estimation of Pueblo population based on architectural remains and apply this formula to 18 archaeological sites in the Jemez Province. A dendrochronological study of remnant wood establishes dates of terminal occupation at these sites. By combining our results with historical records, we report a model of pre- and post-Columbian population dynamics in the Jemez Province. Our results indicate that the indigenous population of the Jemez Province declined by 87% following European colonization but that this reduction occurred nearly a century after initial contact. Depopulation also triggered an increase in the frequency of extensive surface fires between 1640 and 1900. Ultimately, this study illustrates the quality of integrated archaeological and paleoecological data needed to assess the links between Native American population decline and ecological change after European contact.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE

Liebmann

Farella

Roos

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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“…It appears that changes in architecture, including increases in available residential floor area, may not alter the amount of personal residential floor area allocation. These RADCs correspond well with archaeological and ethnographic estimates of RADC in comparable villages in Southwest Asia, Southwest America and the Arctic Circle (1.77-5.00 sq m per person) (Clarke 1974;Cook and Heizer 1968;Hayden et al 1996;Hemsley 2008;Hill 1970;Kramer 1979). The consistency of the results indicates that this RADC range could be utilized to estimate the population of PPN central and southern Levantine villages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Ethnographic research on Southwest Asian villages and comparable villages elsewhere has produced a wide range of personal space estimates from around 1.86 sq m to 13.2 sq m per person (Brown 1987;Clarke 1974;Cook and Heizer 1968;Finkelstein 1990;Hayden et al 1996;Hill 1970;Horne 1994;Kolb 1985;Kramer 1979;1982;LeBlanc 1971;Naroll 1962;Porčić 2012;van Beek 1982;Watson 1978). This variation is partly due to contextual differences relating to climate, architecture, dwelling unit type and cultural perceptions relating to crowding, privacy and personal space.…”

Section: Space Per Personmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it was acknowledged that space requirements per person are impacted by various factors, including available settlement area, climate, notions of privacy, permanence of settlement, and structure size and shape. As such, subsequent investigations attempted to refine density values for different settlement, dwelling and dwelling unit types (Brown 1987;Byrd 2002;Clarke 1974;Cook and Heizer 1968;Flannery 1972;Hayden et al 1996;Kolb 1985;LeBlanc 1971;Nordbeck 1971;Schacht 1981;Wiessner 1974).…”

Section: Limitations Of Existing Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating population size, density and dynamics of Pre-Pottery Neolithic villages in the central and southern Levant: an analysis of Beidha, southern Jordan

Birch-Chapman

Jenkins

Coward

et al. 2017

Levant

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An understanding of population dynamics is essential for reconstructing the trajectories of central and southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) villages. The aim of this investigation was to derive more empirically and statistically robust absolute demographic data than currently exists. Several methodologies were explored, including those based on dwelling unit size and the number of dwellings; residential floor area per person; population density; and allometric growth formulae. The newly established storage provisions formulae based on the affordance of sleeping individuals within structures was found to be the most viable method. Estimates were adjusted to reflect potential structural contemporaneity calculated from building use-life and phase length estimates based on archaeological, ethnographic and experimental research, and Bayesian chronological modelling of radiocarbon dates. The application of methodologies to the PPNB site of Beidha in southern Jordan is presented. The analysis highlights inconsistencies with current theory relating to population density at Beidha. In particular, the results suggest that nuclear families probably did not form the predominant dwelling unit type during Subphases A2 and B2. In addition, population density was estimated at anywhere between 350 and 900 people per ha. This range far exceeds the ethnographically derived density values commonly utilized for reconstructing PPN village populations (c. 90 to 294 people per ha).

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“…According to the OGH, this is the case when either a high probability of damage occurring exists or when the damage whose occurrence can be expected would be extraordinarily high. 91 In addition the normal operation must already be sufficiently dangerous. It is, therefore, not sufficient when the operation only becomes dangerous as a result of special circumstance (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tort Law and Liability Insurance

2005

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A Method for the Estimation of Prehistoric Pueblo Populations

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE

Estimating population size, density and dynamics of Pre-Pottery Neolithic villages in the central and southern Levant: an analysis of Beidha, southern Jordan

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