A Method for Tracking Characteristic Numbers and Vectors

Čapek, Miloslav; Hazdra, Pavel; Hamouz, Pavel; Eichler, Jan

doi:10.2528/pierb11060209

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2) Mode Degeneracy: Degeneracy can be traced back to the geometrical symmetries of the Ω region [37], [58], [59] and it poses complications with mode tracking [22], [38], [42]. A spherical shell has a degeneracy [50] of…”

Section: A Known Numerical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the Characteristic Modes Solvers

Čapek

Losenicky

Jelínek

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-Characteristic modes of a spherical shell are found analytically as spherical harmonics normalized to radiate unitary power and to fulfill specific boundary conditions. The presented closed-form formulas lead to a proposal of precise synthetic benchmarks which can be utilized to validate the method of moments matrix or performance of characteristic mode decomposition. Dependence on the mesh size, electrical size and other parameters can systematically be studied, including the performance of various mode tracking algorithms. A noticeable advantage is the independence on feeding models. Both theoretical and numerical aspects of characteristic mode decomposition are discussed and illustrated by examples. The performance of state-of-the-art commercial simulators and academic packages having been investigated, we can conclude that all contemporary implementations are capable of identifying the first dominant modes while having severe difficulties with higher-order modes. Surprisingly poor performance of the tracking routines is observed notwithstanding the recent ambitious development.Index Terms-Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, convergence of numerical methods, numerical analysis, numerical stability.

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Section: A Known Numerical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the Characteristic Modes Solvers

Čapek

Losenicky

Jelínek

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…TCM is based on Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) [4], [5] with Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis functions [6], [7]. Resulting eigenmodes must be properly sorted (tracked) [8].…”

Section: Modal Radiation Qmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of total radiation Q based on modal approach

Čapek

Hazdra

Eichler

et al. 2012

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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The total Q of selected structures is to be calculated from the set of eigenmodes with associated eigen-energies and eigen-powers. Thanks to the analytical expression of these quantities, the procedure is highly accurate, respecting arbitrary current densities flowing along the radiating device. The electric field integral equation, Delaunay triangulation, method of moments, Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis function and the theory of characteristic modes constitute the underlying theoretical background. Calculation of the modal energies and Q factors enable us to study the effect of the radiating shape separately to the feeding. To outline some benefits of proposed method, the total radiation Q of a Huyghens source is calculated for several distances between a loop and an dipole.

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“…Computing all modes over a wide frequency band becomes challenging as eigenvalues are not generally sorted between one frequency point and the next [3]. Furthermore, modes are not always maintained across frequency points, as modes can become unstable and cease to exist, whereas other modes can appear and become stable without having any relation to previous modes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simplest tracking method is based on correlating the eigenvalues across frequency and sorting the modes in ascending order from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency [4]. This approach to tracking and classifying eigenvalues produces errors with symmetric geometries [3] and large frequency step sizes [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband Characteristic Mode Tracking Utilizing Far-Field Patterns

Miers

Lau

2015

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Abstract-The Theory of Characteristic Modes provides a convenient tool for designing multi-antennas for MIMO applications, as it enables orthogonal radiation patterns to be excited in a given antenna structure. Moreover, the frequency behavior of the modes reveals interesting wideband properties of the structure. However, the tracking of characteristic modes over frequency remains a challenge, especially when differences between modes is limited to high currents in small regions of the structure. The common approach of tracking characteristic modes is through correlating the modal currents over frequency, this leads to multiple eigenvalues being mapped to the same eigencurrent. In this work, we propose a new approach to track characteristic modes by means of cross correlating far-field patterns, which effectively eliminates the mode mapping ambiguity.

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A Method for Tracking Characteristic Numbers and Vectors

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Validating the Characteristic Modes Solvers

Validating the Characteristic Modes Solvers

The evaluation of total radiation Q based on modal approach

Wideband Characteristic Mode Tracking Utilizing Far-Field Patterns

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