A method of measuring environmental stress-cracking performance of polyethylene bottles

Cawood, M.J.; Sleeman, T.J.C.

doi:10.1016/0142-9418(80)90003-3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Laboratory tests that accelerate the process using detergents and higher loads and temperatures have been developed. The most commonly used methods are the Bell Telephone test (BTT), 1 the bottle stress crack test (BSC), 2,3 and tests making use of notched samples. 4 All of the laboratory tests take from 1 h to more than 1000 h, and consequently, a more rapid test, 5,6 ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Drawn Material As Model Material for the Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) Phenomenon in Polyethylene. A Raman Spectroscopy Study of Molecular Stress Induced by Macroscopic Strain in Drawn Polyethylenes and Their Relation to Environmental Stress Cracking

et al. 1998

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Raman spectroscopy was used to study strain-induced molecular stress in cold-drawn polyethylenes, which were being used as a model system for fibrils present in the crazes formed during environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) tests. The molecular stress was measured at 240 K in order to minimize relaxation phenomena. Molecular stress was related to macroscopic strain and, by correcting for differences in E-moduli, to true stress. In this paper, the measured molecular stress is related to ESCR values and sample characteristics. It was observed that good ESCR materials showed a lower molecular stress than worse ESCR materials at the same macroscopic strain level. It was also observed that the molecular weight has a major effect on the observed molecular stress per macroscopic strain (molecular stress per macroscopic strain decreases with increasing M w), whereas the effect of chain branching is smaller (molecular stress per macroscopic strain decreases with chain branching).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Drawn Material As Model Material for the Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) Phenomenon in Polyethylene. A Raman Spectroscopy Study of Molecular Stress Induced by Macroscopic Strain in Drawn Polyethylenes and Their Relation to Environmental Stress Cracking

et al. 1998

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“…They are both creep loaded in tension, however, they differ in sample size and while FNCT has coplanar razor notches on all four sides, PENT maintains three coplanar notches perpendicular to the loading direction. In addition to these methods which are registered International Standards, there are other variations such as the Bell Telephone Test, 9 Bottle Stress Crack Test, 10 C-ring Test, 11 and Pin Load Test. 12 Most are registered as national or quality standards and appear in the specification and classification schemes of pipes and resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of notched ring test for measuring slow cracking resistance in plastics pipes and fittings

Choi¹,

Pyo²,

Suh³

et al. 2007

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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A novel Notched Ring Test (NRT) method for measuring slow cracking resistance (SCR) in plastics pipes and fittings has been developed and applied to determine its applicability as the standard test method. The NRT specimen in the form of a notched full ring, directly obtained from an extruded pipe or injection moulded fitting, was subjected to three-point bend loading and has demonstrated its effectiveness in generating slow cracking in a time frame of order of magnitude shorter than the currently available SCR measurement methods. Performance comparison between the NRT method and other methods was achieved by utilising the stress intensity factor concept and showed NRT generating slow cracking at intensity levels where ductile yielding occurred with other methods. Details of the NRT method in terms of test implementation, its SCR performance and the stress intensity factor approach to SCR evaluation are presented.

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Slow crack growth in polyethylene: A novel predictive model based on the creep of craze fibrils

Rose

Channell

Frye

et al. 1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An extensive series of homopolymers and copolymers has been investigated to test earlier indications of a possible link between resistance to slow crack growth and creep of macroscopic oriented samples. It was found that in the majority of cases a good correlation exists between a single creep parameter and slow crack growth. The existence of such a correlation supports the model presented, in which crack growth is primarily controlled by the creep of fibrils spanning the craze zone. The limit of improvement achievable by increasing molecular weight and the greater effectiveness of short-chain branching to improve fibril creep have been highlighted.

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A method of measuring environmental stress-cracking performance of polyethylene bottles

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Cold-Drawn Material As Model Material for the Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) Phenomenon in Polyethylene. A Raman Spectroscopy Study of Molecular Stress Induced by Macroscopic Strain in Drawn Polyethylenes and Their Relation to Environmental Stress Cracking

Cold-Drawn Material As Model Material for the Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) Phenomenon in Polyethylene. A Raman Spectroscopy Study of Molecular Stress Induced by Macroscopic Strain in Drawn Polyethylenes and Their Relation to Environmental Stress Cracking

Development of notched ring test for measuring slow cracking resistance in plastics pipes and fittings

Slow crack growth in polyethylene: A novel predictive model based on the creep of craze fibrils

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