A method of radiotelemetry in equine electrocardiography

Holmes, J. R.; Bj, Alps; Darke, P. G. G.

doi:10.1136/vr.79.4.90

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Following Nomura’s publications, Holms et al . in 1966 [ 15 ] and Banister et al . in 1968 [ 6 ] reported ECGs measured during field exercise in horses.…”

Section: Heart Rate During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on exercise physiology of the racehorse performed in Japan during the period from the 1930s to the 1970s: respiration and heart rate during exercise and the effect of exercise on blood characteristics

Hiraga

Sugano

2016

JES

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After publication of the epic report on equine exercise physiology by Matsuba and Shimamura in 1933, papers on exercise physiology of the racehorse in Japan began appearing in scientific journals and increased in number. In 1944, respiration during exercise at a walk, trot, and canter was measured by recording expiratory sounds with a microphone attached near the nostril. Respiratory frequency during cantering was synchronized with stride frequency, and expiratory sounds were found to occur during the stance phase of the trailing forelimb. Development of a radiotelemetry system in 1964 for electrocardiogram recording enabled the first recording of an equine electrocardiogram during field exercise that included fast galloping and calculation of heart rate (HR) during exercise. During low intensity exercise including walking, trotting, cantering and extended cantering, HR increased from 45 beat/min during pre-exercise to 150 beat/min at an extended canter. HR increased to 200 beat/min or more in most horses during 100 m of high-intensity sprint galloping. When blood lactate was measured after 3 days of draft work in 12 warhorses in 1934, no increase in blood lactate was found. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was decreased by intense exercise and also decreased as training increased. It was suggested that measuring changes in ESR and body weight in relation to training might become useful as a screening index of training, condition, and fatigue. This evaluation method was named the “ESR-body weight method.”

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“…Following Nomura’s publications, Holms et al . in 1966 [ 15 ] and Banister et al . in 1968 [ 6 ] reported ECGs measured during field exercise in horses.…”

Section: Heart Rate During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on exercise physiology of the racehorse performed in Japan during the period from the 1930s to the 1970s: respiration and heart rate during exercise and the effect of exercise on blood characteristics

Hiraga

Sugano

2016

JES

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“…Following Nomura’s publications, Holms et al . in 1966 [ 23 ] and Banister et al . in 1968 [ 16 ] reported ECGs measured during exercise in horses.…”

Section: Recording and Analysis Of Ecgs During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

History of research in Japan on electrocardiography in the racehorse

Hiraga

Sugano

2015

JES

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Since the first recording of electrocardiograms (ECGs) of a horse in Japan was carried out in 1944, studies on ECGs have been performed intensively. During the early stages of research from the 1950s to 1960s, leads to use for ECG recording were evaluated using several different approaches including unipolar leads, bipolar limb leads, and bipolar chest leads. Based on these studies, the AB lead, which is oriented along the long axis of the heart, became the standard reference method in Japan. Electrodes of the AB lead are placed on the upper 1/4th point along a straight line between the withers and the left shoulder blade (base: B), and 10 cm posterior to the left olecranon (apex: A). The incidence of equine arrhythmias among racehorses has been surveyed, and details of the electrocardiographic characteristics of several arrhythmias have been investigated. In particular, atrial fibrillation (AF) has been extensively studied, and papers have reported findings such as that paroxysmal AF occurs during racing and described electrocardiographic changes that occur at the onset of AF during exercise. Development of a radiotelemetry system for ECG recording enabled the first recording of equine ECGs during galloping in 1964, the detection of arrhythmias, and calculation of heart rate during exercise. Studies on comparative and developmental changes of ECGs have described characteristics of the equine ECGs. Future research on changes in cardiac function, including autonomic function, that occur with aging may lead to new developments in equine electrocardiography and contribute to improving the health and welfare of the horse.

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Exercise and stress testing

Durando¹

2010

Cardiology of the Horse

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A method of radiotelemetry in equine electrocardiography

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Studies on exercise physiology of the racehorse performed in Japan during the period from the 1930s to the 1970s: respiration and heart rate during exercise and the effect of exercise on blood characteristics

Studies on exercise physiology of the racehorse performed in Japan during the period from the 1930s to the 1970s: respiration and heart rate during exercise and the effect of exercise on blood characteristics

History of research in Japan on electrocardiography in the racehorse

Exercise and stress testing

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