A method to determine stratification efficiency of thermal energy storage processes independently from storage heat losses

Effect of the collector tilt angle on thermal efficiency and stratification of passive water in glass evacuated tube solar water heater

“…Several stratification promoters had also been studied such as perforated plates, tubes, porous medias and fabrics [25,26]. Several definitions of indexes, efficiencies and performance numbers have been created for the quantitative evaluation of the stratification process [27,28]. Nevertheless, most of them are only applicable to forced convection systems, such as the MIX number [25].…”

Fluid velocity and LIF temperature measurement in a real model of heat exchanger

“…There was found dependence between the performance and stratification [4][5][6][7]. The computer simulation relies on the accurate specification of the system's physical and thermal characteristics, and is often based on a number of simplifying assumptions.…”

Measurement of fluid motion and temperature changes in the real model of the heat exchanger using pLIF

“…This model was designed in the consideration that the experiment would be visualized and measured by optical methods, so it enabled sufficient optical access. [7][8][9][10][11][12] We can classify this model as an indirect type of the stratified water tank configured as immersed coils in the tank. This type of heat exchanger enables keeping the thermal stratification state due the natural convection, but the energy efficiency will be decreased due the insufficient heat transfer between the separated media in the higher section with the hot water.…”