A method to fabricate hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic acid) microspheres intended for biomedical application

Selective Laser Sintered Poly(L-Lactide)/Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds: A Bottom-up Approach

“…The mechanism of main emulsifier, PVA, is more likely as the second mechanism which the stabilization is obtained by forming a 3D network of PVA polymer chains. In fact, a novel surfactant-free process was proposed recently by modifying oil-in-water emulsion method to produce PLA/HAp composite microspheres (Nagata, Miyajima et al 2003;Nagata, Miyajima et al 2006;Nagata, Teraoka et al 2006). Several analyses suggested that the end group of PLA would play as the nucleation site for HAp precipitates at the oil/water interface.…”

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…[302][303][304][305][306][307][308] Other appoaches include using amino acid-capped nano-sized gold particles as scaffolds to grow CDHA 309 and in preparation of nano-sized HA/polyamide biocomposites. 310,311 In certain cases, a mechanochemical route, 312 emulsions, [313][314][315][316] freeze-drying 317 and freeze-thawing techniques, 318 flame-sprayed technique 319 or gel-templated mineralization 320 might be applied to produce calcium othophosphates-based biocomposites. Various fabrication procedures are well described elsewhere in references 36, 63 and 297, where the interested readers are referred.…”

“…389 Addition of a surfactant (surface active agent) might be useful to keep the suspension homogenous. 390 Furthermore, HA/PLA 314,315 and HA/PLGA 316 microspheres might be prepared by a microemulsion technique. More complex carbonated FA/PLA 391 and PLGA/carbon nanotubes/HA 392 porous biocomposite scaffolds are also known.…”

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Another example comprises using amino acid-capped gold nanoparticles as scaffolds to grow CDHA [248]. In certain cases, a mechano-chemical route [249], emulsions [250][251][252][253], freeze-drying [254] and freeze-thawing techniques [255], flame-sprayed technique [256], or geltemplated mineralization [257] might be applied to produce calcium othophosphates-based biocomposites. Various fabrication procedures are available elsewhere [32,59,238], where the interested readers are referred.…”

“…A surfactant might be useful to keep the suspension homogeneity [322]. Besides, HA/PLA [251,252] and HA/ PLGA [253] microspheres might be prepared by a microemulsion technique. More complex carbonated-FA/PLA porous biocomposite scaffolds are also known [323].…”