Abstract:In this review article, the state-of-the-art of calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented.
“…analysis (see Table 4) suggests that the Ca/P ratios for the observed calcium phosphate layers are quite similar to that of bone apatite (Ca: P of 1.67) [2,24]. The area also showed regions of needle shaped crystals attributed to HA (see Figure.…”
Section: Particle Morphology After Immersion In Sbfmentioning
Studies into bone-like apatite or hydroxyapatite (HA) growth on potential biomaterials when in contact with simulated body fluid (SBF) not only establish a general method for determining bioactivity but coincidently lead to the design of new bioactive materials in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. Previous studies of HA growth on porous silicon have examined electrochemically etched silicon substrates after immersion in a simulated body fluid. This study differs from previous work in that it focuses on characterising HA growth on chemically etched metallurgical grade nanoporous silicon particles. The porous silicon (PS) used in this study is comprised of nanosponge particles with disordered pore structures with pore sizes ranging up to 10nm on micron sized particles.The silicon particles are analysed before and after immersion into SBF using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that a HA layer forms on the surface of the nanosponge particles. Experimental analysis indicates that the morphology and calcium-tophosphorus ratio (Ca/P) verify the formation of crystalline HA on the nanoporous silicon particles.2
“…analysis (see Table 4) suggests that the Ca/P ratios for the observed calcium phosphate layers are quite similar to that of bone apatite (Ca: P of 1.67) [2,24]. The area also showed regions of needle shaped crystals attributed to HA (see Figure.…”
Section: Particle Morphology After Immersion In Sbfmentioning
Studies into bone-like apatite or hydroxyapatite (HA) growth on potential biomaterials when in contact with simulated body fluid (SBF) not only establish a general method for determining bioactivity but coincidently lead to the design of new bioactive materials in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. Previous studies of HA growth on porous silicon have examined electrochemically etched silicon substrates after immersion in a simulated body fluid. This study differs from previous work in that it focuses on characterising HA growth on chemically etched metallurgical grade nanoporous silicon particles. The porous silicon (PS) used in this study is comprised of nanosponge particles with disordered pore structures with pore sizes ranging up to 10nm on micron sized particles.The silicon particles are analysed before and after immersion into SBF using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that a HA layer forms on the surface of the nanosponge particles. Experimental analysis indicates that the morphology and calcium-tophosphorus ratio (Ca/P) verify the formation of crystalline HA on the nanoporous silicon particles.2
“…Due to the importance of these composite materials thousands of papers and many comprehensive reviews are published yearly. Some of the most comprehensive reviews about bones and bone grafts materials based on collagen and/or hydroxyapatite were published in the last years by Cui at al (Cui et al 2007), Dorozhkin (Dorozhkin 2009), Murugan and Ramakrishna (Murugan and Ramakrishna 2005) and by Wahl and Czernuszka (Wahl and Czernuszka 2006). Some of the most recent advances in the field of COLL/HA composite materials are systematically presented below.…”
Section: Fig 3 the Sem Micrograph Of Mineralized Collagen Fibresmentioning
“…More to the point, calcium phosphates are also known to support osteoblast adhesion and proliferation (Hong et al, 2003;Sader et al, 2009). Even so, the major limitations to use calcium phosphates as load-bearing biomaterials are their mechanical properties; namely, they are brittle with a poor fatigue resistance (Dorozhkin 2009). The poor mechanical behavior is even more evident for highly porous ceramics and scaffolds because porosity greater than 100 µm is considered a requirement for proper vascularization and bone cell colonization (Sader et al, 2009).…”
Section: Applications Of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatitesmentioning
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