Concentrations of 11 elements (Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr) were measured in 505 hair samples collected in 1981 from four (northern, inland, riverine, and coastal) villages of the Gidra who inhabit the lowland of Papua New Guinea. To compare the dietary element intakes with the hair element concentrations, the elimination of elements from hair by washing was first examined. Elimination rates by washing markedly differed from element to element, and a linear relationship between dietary element intakes and hair element concentrations was found in the case of non-washed hair, but not in the case of washed hair. The comparability of hair element concentrations with dietary element intakes was different according to the villages, and for elements such as Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, and Sr, the difference was partly explained by the element levels in the water utilized in each village.