A methodological approach of the current literature on microplastic contamination in terrestrial environments: Current knowledge and baseline considerations

Abstract

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along the coastline of Agadir, Morocco

“…Moreover, exposure to weathering conditions, such as UV irradiation and physical abrasion, exacerbates the release of MPs ( Wang et al, 2021 ). MPs are ubiquitous in the environment ( Dioses-Salinas et al, 2020 ; Dobaradaran et al, 2018 ; Takdastan et al, 2021 ), and many studies recorded their presence in plankton ( Lin, 2016 ), seaworms ( Missawi et al, 2020 ), earthworms ( Rillig et al, 2017 ), mollusks ( De-la-Torre et al, 2020a ), crustaceans ( Goldstein and Goodwin, 2013 ), fish ( Wang et al, 2020 ), sea turtles and marine mammals ( Meaza et al, 2021 ; Santillán et al, 2020 ). The presence of MPs along the terrestrial and marine food chains suggests that humans are exposed through the consumption of contaminated seafood and food products ( Akhbarizadeh et al, 2020 ).…”

Sorption of chemical contaminants on degradable and non-degradable microplastics: Recent progress and research trends

“…Regarding secondary microplastics, these are produced from larger plastics that undergo physical (e.g., wave action and mechanical abrasion), chemical (e.g., photodegradation), and biological degradation after disposal . Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, being found in marine sediments (De-la-Torre et al, 2020;Hidalgo-Ruz and Thiel, 2013), marine and continental waters (Mao et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2018), terrestrial and agricultural environments (Dioses-Salinas et al, 2020;Piehl et al, 2018). The widespread distribution and small size of microplastics make them readily bioavailable to marine biota (De-la-Torre, 2020).…”

New plastic formations in the Anthropocene

“…Since first manufactured in the beginnings of the XX century, plastic has become a material of widespread use due to its versatility, resistance, low-cost production, and lightweight (Verla et al, 2019). Nonetheless, the poor management on the post-consumer stage has made plastic a major environmental concern as a pollutant with a ubiquitous presence on the environment (Corcoran et al, 2018), f o u n de v e ni nr e m o t ea r e a ss u c ha sprotected natural reserves, agroecosystems, glaciers, and arctic deep-sea sediments (Ambrosini et al, 2019;Bergmann et al, 2017;Dioses-Salinas et al, 2020). The long persistence and ubiquitous presence of plastic in environmental sediment samples have made researchers consider it as an indicator of the Anthropocene, which is a proposed epoch started in 1950 characterized by the alteration of natural processes by human activity and that has anthropogenic materials found in terrestrial and aquatic sediments as one of its indicative signatures (Waters et al, 2016).…”