A methodology and a tool for evaluating hybrid electric powertrain configurations

Abstract

This paper describes a methodology for automatic optimization of hybrid electric powertrains. This methodology is developed and implemented in a tool, CAPSimO, and the paper is written in the form of describing the tool. Given the user inputs, which are dynamic vehicle model, driving cycle and optimization criterion, the tool first produces a simplified powertrain model in a form of static maps, before dynamic programming is used to find an optimal power split which minimizes the chosen criterion. The tool does not require that the vehicle model is transparent, which makes it possible to work on models hidden for intellectual property reasons. The paper presents two examples of powertrain evaluation, in terms of fuel consumption, for a parallel and a parallel-series powertrain.

Component sizing of a plug-in hybrid electric powertrain via convex optimization

“…The ICE model described by (19)(20)(21)(22) will lead to a nonconvex problem due to the non-convex efficiency map given in …”

“…From the optimal control methods, Dynamic Programming (DP) [14] is the most commonly used [15][16][17][18][19][20]. The main advantage with DP is the capability to use nonlinear, non-convex models of the components consisting of continuous and integer (mixed integer) optimization variables.…”

Convex Optimization for the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Engine Start and Gearshift Costs

“…To simulate the vehicle, a quasi-static backward approach is used. This widely adopted method of simulation [8,12,42,43] was shown to yield reasonable estimates of fuel consumption when compared to measurement data [44]. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) architecture considered in this paper: pre-transmission parallel HEV.…”

Improved parallel mild hybrids for urban roads

“…The load on the internal combustion engine (ICE) of a parallel hybrid during a typical urban start-and-stop drive is generally low [1], and this results in a low operation efficiency. Among the different versions of parallel hybrids, mild hybrids require a relatively smaller motor and associated electric drive components, although they consume more fuel than full hybrids [2,3].…”