A methodology for the design of perforated tiles in raised floor data centers using computational flow analysis

Kang, Sukhvinder; Schmidt, Roger; Kelkar, Kanchan M.; Radmehr, Amir; Patankar, S. V.

doi:10.1109/itherm.2000.866828

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The first published results for data center airflow modeling appeared in 2000 [7]. Since then, various modeling investigations have been presented, many employing CFD/HT to simulate data center airflow and heat transfer characteristics.…”

Section: Data Center Modeling Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first modeling of data center RFP was performed by Kang et al [7] who used flow network modeling [10] and CFD to predict perforated tile flow rates. Their design study showed that the flow distribution can be altered by varying the percent open area of the tiles.…”

Section: Raised Floor Plenum (Rfp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simplistic flow network analysis of RFP airflow would place multiple CRAC units in parallel causing their aggregate resistance to be the same as a single resistance with their flow rates adding. Multiple perforated tiles are also in parallel, assuming a (unrealistic) uniformly pressurized plenum as in [7], with an average flow rate of 0.165 m 3 /s (350 CFM), the aggregate resistance is only 12 Pa (0.05 in H 2 O) from the Schmidt et al correlation [12]. Also note no detailed measurements or model of a CRAC unit that would provide the details of the flow direction and distribution among exhausts of a single CRAC unit has been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Raised Floor Plenum (Rfp) Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of data center airflow and heat transfer: State of the art and future trends

Rambo

Joshi

2007

Distrib Parallel Databases

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An assessment of the current thermal modeling methodologies for data centers is presented, with focus on the use of computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer as analysis tools, and model validation. Future trends in reduced or compact modeling of data center airflow and heat transfer are presented to serve as an overview of integrating rack-level compact models into full-scale facility level numerical computations. Compact models can be used to efficiently model data centers through varying model fidelity across length scales. Dynamic effects can be included to develop next-generation control schemes to maximize data center energy efficiency.

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Section: Data Center Modeling Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raised Floor Plenum (Rfp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raised Floor Plenum (Rfp) Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of data center airflow and heat transfer: State of the art and future trends

Rambo

Joshi

2007

Distrib Parallel Databases

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“…Kang et al (2000) have presented a computational model in which the plenum is assumed to be at a uniform pressure. This assumption eliminates the need for calculating velocity and pressure distributions in the plenum.…”

Section: Related Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Calculating Flow Rates Through Perforated Tiles in Raised-Floor Data Centers

2003

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This paper describes a computational fluid dynamics model for calculating airflow rates through perforated tiles in raised-floor data centers. The model is based on the assumption that the pressure in the space above the raised floor is uniform, which allows the calculation to be limited to the space below the raised floor. It uses a finite-volume method, the k-ε turbulence model, and a multigrid method. The model is applied to a real-life data center. The calculated results for velocity and pressure distributions are discussed. The flow rates through the perforated tiles are shown to be in good agreement with the measured values.

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“…They considered the air flow performance from under floor plenum to perforated tiles as a significant influence factor. Kang et al [8] used a simplified correlation to describe the air movement and evaluate air flow performance through perforated tiles of different forms and arrangement, with the assumption of uniform plenum pressure. Recently, official guidelines for data center operation, including recommended layout, thermal environment and management, have been published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined cooling solution for high heat density data centers using multi-stage heat pipe loops

Tian

2015

Energy and Buildings

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A methodology for the design of perforated tiles in raised floor data centers using computational flow analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling of data center airflow and heat transfer: State of the art and future trends

Modeling of data center airflow and heat transfer: State of the art and future trends

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Calculating Flow Rates Through Perforated Tiles in Raised-Floor Data Centers

A combined cooling solution for high heat density data centers using multi-stage heat pipe loops

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