A Micro-Analytical Scheme for the Determination of Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid and RNA Levels in Marine Invertebrate Larvae

Holland, David; Gabbott, P.A.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400015034

Cited by 158 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A microanalytical fractionated extraction scheme developed by Holland and Gabbott (1971) and Holland and Hannant (1973) was followed for the determination of the contents of biochemical components. Lyophilized samples were homogenized in 500 ll distilled water using a sonicator.…”

Section: Biochemical Composition Of Eggs and Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

et al. 2010

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Successful larval growth and development of bivalves depend on energy derived from internal (endotrophic phase) and external (exotrophic phase) sources. The present paper studies survival, growth and biochemical changes in the early developmental stages (from egg to pediveliger) of the clam Ruditapes decussatus in order to characterize the nutritional requirements and the transition from the endotrophic to the exotrophic phase. Three different feeding regimes were applied: starvation and two mono-specific microalgal diets (Isochrysis aff galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans). A comparison between fed and unfed larvae highlighted the importance of egg lipid reserves, especially neutral lipids, during a brief endotrophic phase of embryonic development (first 2 days after fertilization). Egg reserves, however, may energetically contribute to the maintenance of larvae beyond the embryonic development. In fed larvae, the endotrophic phase is followed by a mixotrophic phase extending to days 5-8 after fertilization and a subsequent exotrophic phase. Metamorphosis starts around day 20. The intense embryonic activities are supported by energy derived from lipids, mainly from neutral lipids, and the metamorphic activities are supported by energy derived essentially from proteins accumulated during the planktonic phase and depend on the nutritional value of diets. The diet of I. aff galbana proves to be more adequate to R. decussatus larval rearing. The results provide useful information for the successful production of R. decussatus aquaculture.

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Section: Biochemical Composition Of Eggs and Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

et al. 2010

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“…The thawed filters for POC/PON were dried (12 h at 60 C), transferred to pewter foil and combusted in oxygen enriched helium atmosphere in a Heraeus CHN-O-Rapid analyzer. Concentrations of carbohydrates were determined after Holland and Gabbott (1971) and proteins were determined after Smith et al (1985) with a BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL 61105) which has serum albumin as standard. Filters for lipid analyses were immediately aerated with N 2 after filtration and stored in dichlormethane:methanol (2:1, by vol.)…”

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic energy conversion under extreme conditions—I: important role of lipids as structural modulators and energy sink under N-limited growth in Antarctic sea ice diatoms

2002

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The availability of dissolved nutrients such as nitrate under extreme low temperatures is a strong determinant in the development and growth of ice diatoms. Consequently we investigated regulation of photosynthesis in a mixed culture of three diatom species, which grew in chemostats at À1 C, 15 mmol photons m À2 s À1 under N-limitation. When nitrogen is limiting, pigment-protein complexes are one of the most affected structures under low-light conditions. The loss of integral polar thylakoid components destabilized the bilayer structure of the membrane with consequences for lipid composition and the degree of fatty acid desaturation. N-Limitation caused a decrease in monogalactosydiacylglycerol (MGDG) and a simultaneous increase in bilayer forming digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). Their ratio MGDG:DGDG decreased from 3.4AE 0.1 to 1.1 AE 0.4, while 20:5 n-3 fatty acids of chloroplast related phospholipid classes such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) increased under N-limitation. These data reveal that lipids are important components, required to sustain membrane structure under a deficiency of integral membrane bound proteins and pigments. Nonetheless, energy conversion at photosystem II is still affected by N-limitation despite this structural regulation. Photosynthetic quantum yield (F v /F m ) and electron transport rates decreased under N-limitation caused by an increasing amount of electron acceptors (second stable electron acceptor=Q B ) which had slower reoxidation kinetics. The energy surplus under these conditions is stored in triacylglycerols, the main energy sink in Antarctic sea ice diatoms under N-limitation. #

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“…Total Carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid Total carbohydrate, protein and lipid in the dried samples were measured using the methods of Holland and Gabbott (1971) and Holland and Hannant (1973). A weighed sample of 2-3 mg was homogenised in 500 p1 water.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dried Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Significance of Dissolved Organic Losses Following Fragmentation of Kelp (Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida)

Newell¹,

Lucas²,

Velirnirov³

et al. 1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Kelp Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida both undergo fragmentation from the tip and thus release structural components as particulate matter and a dissolved fraction from the cell contents into the water column. Analysis of the dissolved fraction released as mucilage from kelp during fragmentation yielded a 92-94 '10 gravimetric recovery comprising 4.74-5.27 "it, protein, 0.17-0.18 "/3 fat, 7.17-7.56 "/o sugar and polyols, 4.77-5.01 '/o alginate and 4.6-7. Energy released as dissolved organic components during kelp fragmentation amounts to approximately 34 '/Q of the total annual energy production of L. pallida and 16-17 O/O of that by E. maxima. Total particulate energy production from both species in a small kelp bed of 700 ha is estimated as 43.25 X 10'' kJ y-', whereas that released as dissolved organic matter amounts to 10.74 X 101° kJy-l. This is equivalent to 20.24 X 107 1 mucilage released year-' during fragmentation into the shallow water of the kelp bed, to which should be added undetermined losses of mucilage from the surface of the fronds. Studies of the concentration of dissolved organic matter in the water near a kelp bed suggest that the exudate released during fragmentation is rapidly utilised within 24 h by microheterotrophic organisms rather than by phytoplankton.

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A Micro-Analytical Scheme for the Determination of Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid and RNA Levels in Marine Invertebrate Larvae

Cited by 158 publications

References 13 publications

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

Photosynthetic energy conversion under extreme conditions—I: important role of lipids as structural modulators and energy sink under N-limited growth in Antarctic sea ice diatoms

Quantitative Significance of Dissolved Organic Losses Following Fragmentation of Kelp (Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida)

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