A microbiological approach to acne vulgaris.

Lovečková, Yvona; Havlíková, Ilona

doi:10.5507/bp.2002.005

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Inactivation of P. acnes has been used to create vaccines against acne vulgaris [23] , [24] . Acnevac or autovaccines containing killed strains of P. acnes and/or Staphylococci have been tested in acne and normal healthy subjects [25] . Although these killed P. acnes -based vaccines showed a good effect on acne patients, their effect is based on the non-specific modulation of the immune system of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

et al. 2008

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BackgroundAcne vulgaris afflicts more than fifty million people in the United State and the severity of this disorder is associated with the immune response to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Systemic therapies for acne target P. acnes using antibiotics, or target the follicle with retinoids such as isotretinoin. The latter systemic treatment is highly effective but also carries a risk of side effects including immune imbalance, hyperlipidemia, and teratogenicity. Despite substantial research into potential new therapies for this common disease, vaccines against acne vulgaris are not yet available.Methods and FindingsHere we create an acne vaccine targeting a cell wall-anchored sialidase of P. acnes. The importance of sialidase to disease pathogenesis is shown by treatment of a human sebocyte cell line with recombinant sialidase that increased susceptibility to P. acnes cytotoxicity and adhesion. Mice immunized with sialidase elicit a detectable antibody; the anti-sialidase serum effectively neutralized the cytotoxicity of P. acnes in vitro and P. acnes-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human sebocytes. Furthermore, the sialidase-immunized mice provided protective immunity against P. acnes in vivo as this treatment blocked an increase in ear thickness and release of pro-inflammatory macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) cytokine.ConclusionsResults indicated that acne vaccines open novel therapeutic avenues for acne vulgaris and other P. acnes-associated diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

et al. 2008

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“…It is a disease that has a significant impact on the psychological and physical well-being of patients (13). The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial, including microbiological, hormonal and immunological mechanisms (14). The epidermis is an important site of interactions between microbes and the host and keratinocytes are one of the skin components that participate in host defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an Anti-acne Vulgaris Evaluation Method Based on TLR2 and TLR4-mediated Interleukin-8 Production

Suvanprakorn¹,

Tongyen²,

Prakhongcheep

et al. 2019

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: To date, no cell-based assay that focuses on the prime cause of acne initiation through activation of toll-like receptor2 and 4 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production exists. Herein, we present an assay that evaluates acne by determining TLR2 and 4 expression and activation. Materials and Methods: Viability of keratinocytes was determined by the MTT assay. IL-8 was evaluated by ELISA. Immunocytochemistry was performed for determining receptor expression. Results: Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced IL-8 production. Pre-treatment of cells with TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitors, before stimulation, reduced IL-8 production. Zinc gluconate was used for verification. Zinc can significantly suppress IL-8 production in the system. Treatment of cells with LTA+PGN or LPS resulted in increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression on the cell surface. This effect was prevented by zinc treatment. Conclusion: The measurement of IL-8 and TLR2 and TLR4 levels can be used for the evaluation of anti-acne treatment. Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease. It is common among adolescents and can have a huge impact on physical appearance and health both short-term and long-term as a result of the adverse effects of the medication (1). The adverse effects are induced by non-anti-acne actions such as antibiotics and steroids (2). It is known that inflammation derived from the activation of innate immunity plays a primary role in the induction of acne lesions rather than infection or an allergic reaction (3). Clinically, there are multiple types of acne lesions. However, the induction of all types of lesions is primarily initiated by colonization of Propionibacterium acnes, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in maintaining and influencing the inflammatory phase of acne (4). The major cell wall components of P. acnes, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) were found to stimulate immune cells to release mediators of inflammation (5). Apart from LTA and PGN, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-a component of gram-negative bacteria-is also an immunostimulatory factor (6). The innate immune system of the skin epidermis has several defense components and mechanisms involving keratinocytes, neutrophils, mast cells and macrophages (7). The key step of acne formation is the interaction of bacterial components such as LPS, LTA or PGN with toll-like receptors (TLRs) in epidermal cells (8). TLR4 primarily mediates cellular signaling induced by Gram-negative bacteria (9), while TLR2 is required for pro-inflammatory signaling to components of Gram-positive bacteria (10). It is known that TLR2 and TLR4 are predominantly expressed on the cell surface of the infundibular keratinocytes. The activation of these TLRs results in signaling cascades that produce interleukin 8 (IL-8) (11). As a consequence, IL-8 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a powerful chemoattractant (12). This cytokine plays a major role in inflammatory events by its activity as chemokine and as an activator of crucial neutrop...

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“…The increased level of androgens in adolescence is known to be a starting point for the development of juvenile acne. [5] Acne vulgaris is a polymorphic disease. The primary and the pathognomonic lesion of acne vulgaris is a comedone, which may be open or closed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriology of Acne

Srikanth¹,

Kalyani²,

Mohan³

et al. 2015

jemds

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CONTEXT: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in youth and is of multifactorial etiology. Severe forms of acne are often therapy resistant. AIMS: To determine bacteria involved in acne vulgaris and to determine the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of aerobic isolates. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Samples from skin lesions of study group (80 patients) and normal skin of control group (20 patients) were collected by sterile swabs. The specimens were used for aerobic and anaerobic culture at 37°C. The isolates were subjected to biochemical tests for identification. All the aerobic isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing by disc diffusion method. RESULTS: High incidence of acne was found in the age group of 13-20 years (76.25%). Males were more affected than females. Pustules (76.25%) were the commonest presentation. Students (71.25%) were more commonly affected. Among aerobic isolates (71.24%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (54.38%) was the most common organism. Among the anaerobes, Propionibacterium acnes (55.17) were the most common. Among the aerobic isolates, most were sensitive to Minocycline followed by Ofloxacin, Azithromycin, Cephalexin, Tetracycline, Cotrimoxazole and Ampicillin. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, acne affected individuals were young males, especially students, with pustules being the commonest presentation. Staphylococcus epidermidis, the dominant organism isolated was susceptible to Ofloxacin, Minocycline and Azithromycin.

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A microbiological approach to acne vulgaris.

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Establishment of an Anti-acne Vulgaris Evaluation Method Based on TLR2 and TLR4-mediated Interleukin-8 Production

Bacteriology of Acne

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