A microfluidic chip carrier including temperature control and perfusion system for long-term cell imaging

Cantoni, Federico; Werr, Gabriel; Barbe, Laurent; Porras, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00245

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The exact opposite situation can be found in temperature control approaches, where a voltage or current input indicates the onset of the heating or cooling element and where a slight change in voltage or current can be mistaken for noise, preventing adequate temperature control implementations. Microcontrollers have been extensively used in most contributions reviewed herein to read data from sensors and to deliver instructions to heating and cooling elements [ 22 , 52 , 56 , 71 , 137 ]. Microcontrollers are powerful tools that enable a wide range of operations to be coordinated in a timely fashion to achieve a desired operation of a microfluidic device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, thin-film Cu heaters were placed under a microfluidic chip and maintained at a constant temperature of 37 • C for 10 days. However, when imaging with a water objective was carried out, the heater could not overcome the cooling produced by the objective, therefore yielding a nonuniform temperature distribution [52]. In another study, Bobinger et al developed a transparent heater containing Cu nanowires (CuNWs), which enabled a uniform heat distribution over an area of 3.5 × 5.0 cm 2 .…”

Section: Microheatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature control in microfluidics has been explored in applications, including cell culture [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], cell imaging [ 53 ], cell analysis [ 54 , 55 , 56 ], PCR [ 22 , 57 – 60 ], nucleic acid amplification test assays [ 61 ], microreactors [ 62 ], transparent electrodes [ 63 , 64 ], enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ 44 ], biochemical synthesis [ 65 ], particle trapping [ 66 ], and microelectronic device cooling [ 67 ], among others [ 68 , 69 ]. For this, the use of microheaters [ 52 , 55 – 57 , 62 , 70 , 71 ], Peltier elements [ 25 , 58 , 59 , 72 ], two‐phase materials [ 73 ], laser beams [ 74 ], and cement power resistors [ 60 ] has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices

et al. 2022

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Temperature is a critical—yet sometimes overlooked—parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature‐monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom‐built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom‐built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external‐ or integrated‐methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microheatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, more and more microfluidic heat transfer principles have been explored and studied to use indirect methods to invert the microfluidic temperature [ 30 ]. For example, winding copper wire around a microfluidic pipe as a temperature change resistor to measure microfluidic temperature [ 31 ], but the effect of heat transfer from the pipe material is not considered. Color-changing temperature-sensitive materials can monitor microfluidic temperature changes [ 32 ], but it is generally effective only for a specific temperature value and have a very narrow range of application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics Temperature Compensating and Monitoring Based on Liquid Metal Heat Transfer

Meng

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Microfluidic devices offer excellent heat transfer, enabling the biochemical reactions to be more efficient. However, the precision of temperature sensing and control of microfluids is limited by the size effect. Here in this work, the relationship between the microfluids and the glass substrate of a typical microfluidic device is investigated. With an intelligent structure design and liquid metal, we demonstrated that a millimeter-scale industrial temperature sensor could be utilized for temperature sensing of micro-scale fluids. We proposed a heat transfer model based on this design, where the local correlations between the macro-scale temperature sensor and the micro-scale fluids were investigated. As a demonstration, a set of temperature-sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests were taken to show the precision of temperature control for micro-scale reagents. Comparations of theoretical and experimental data further verify the effectiveness of our heat transfer model. With the presented compensation approach, the slight fluorescent intensity changes caused by isothermal amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) temperature could be distinguished. For instance, the probability distribution plots of fluorescent intensity are significant from each other, even if the amplification temperature has a difference of 1 °C. Thus, this method may serve as a universal approach for micro–macro interface sensing and is helpful beyond microfluidic applications.

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“…Cantoni et. al., [25] have integrated two commercial micropumps and temperature control for a two-channel microfluidic chip on a portable platform. Piezoelectric micropumps (without dampers) generate varying flow fluctuations depending on the chosen flow rate, therefore not suitable for cells in OoC applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable and Integrated Microfluidic Flow Control System Using Off-the-shelf Components Towards Organs-on-chip Applications

Zhu

Özkayar

Lötters

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices require the precise control of various media. This is mostly done using several fluid control components, which are much larger than the typical OoC device and connected through fluidic tubing, i.e., the fluidic system is not integrated, which inhibits the system’s portability. Here, we explore the limits of fluidic system integration using off-the-shelf fluidic control components. A flow control configuration is proposed that uses a vacuum to generate a fluctuation-free flow and minimizes the number of components used in the system. 3D printing is used to fabricate a custom-designed platform box for mounting the chosen smallest footprint components. It provides flexibility in arranging the various components to create experiment-specific systems. A demonstrator system is realized for lung-on-a-chip experiments. The 3D-printed platform box is 290 mm long, 240 mm wide and 37 mm tall. After integrating all the components, it weighs 4.8 kg. The system comprises of a switch valve, flow and pressure controllers, and a vacuum pump to control the diverse media flows. The system generates liquid flow rates ranging from 1.5 micro-litre per minute to 68 micro-litre per minute in the cell chambers, and a cyclic vacuum of 280 mbar below atmospheric pressure with 0.5 Hz frequency in the side channels to induce mechanical strain on the cells-substrate. The components are modular for easy exchange. The battery operated platform box can be mounted on either upright or inverted microscopes and fits in a standard incubator. Overall, it is shown that a compact integrated and portable fluidic system for OoC experiments can be constructed using off-the-shelf components. For further down-scaling, the fluidic control components, like the pump, switch valves, and flow controllers, require significant miniaturization while having a wide flow rate range with high resolution.

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A microfluidic chip carrier including temperature control and perfusion system for long-term cell imaging

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices

Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices

Microfluidics Temperature Compensating and Monitoring Based on Liquid Metal Heat Transfer

Portable and Integrated Microfluidic Flow Control System Using Off-the-shelf Components Towards Organs-on-chip Applications

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