Chinese mythology says that in the time of the Chou Dynasty ten suns were present in the sky, leading to a hard life for people because of the enormous heat. A hero named "Houyi" At present, tumor diagnosis is performed using common procedures, which are slow, costly, and still presenting difficulties in diagnosing tumors at their early stage. Tumor therapeutic methods also mainly rely on large-scale equipment or non-intelligent treatment approaches. Thus, an early and accurate tumor diagnosis and personalized treatment may represent the best treatment option for a successful result, and the efforts in finding them are still in progress and mainly focusing on non-destructive, integrated, and multiple technologies. These objectives can be achieved with the development of advanced devices and smart technology that represent the topic of the current investigations. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress in tumor diagnosis and therapy and briefly explains the advantages and disadvantages of the described microdevices, finally proposing advanced micro smart devices as the future development trend for tumor diagnosis and therapy.was sent from heaven to shoot down nine suns, leaving only the one that is still shining today to allow a normal life for people (Scheme 1). In real life, cancer threatens people's lives like the nine suns in mythology. The history of the struggle between human beings and tumors is represented by the development of science and technology. The diagnosis of diseases in ancient China by the Chinese medicine used the approach of "observing, listening, asking, and pulse feeling". Observing is referred to as the general inspection of the body and tongue inspection. Listening is referred to listening to sounds and smelling odor. Asking is referred to ask the symptoms. Pulse feeling represents the use of fingers to evaluate the radial artery pulsation behind the wrist, and it represents the essence of the diagnosis by traditional Chinese medicine. It is also the most difficult one among the four diagnostic methods because doctor should determine which organs have lesions from the pulsation changes, which is difficult to perceive by ordinary people. Therefore, without any anatomy support, pulse feeling in the diagnosis of incurable diseases has very large limitations. Pulse feeling can be replaced by intuitive diagnostic techniques in modern medicine. Indeed, tumors are diagnosed in various ways thanks to the development of modern science and technology, and the ever-evolving therapy technology is also transformed into an "arrow of Houyi" to shoot the "poisonous sun" that threatens human health.A timely and accurate diagnosis of cancer is crucial for choosing the correct treatment plan for a consequent successful cure. Usually, the methods to diagnose tumors include imaging, endoscopic investigation, and diagnostic pathology. Pathology techniques are important in clinical diagnosis, but they require biopsy and cannot be monitored in real time. Endoscopic technology allows a direct tumor monitori...