A micromethod for the isolation of drugs from blood using Amberlite XAD-2

Schlicht, H J; Gelbke, H

doi:10.1007/bf00200596

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In these cases the same enzymes were used for digestion, and the drugs were isolated by XAD-2-Bag technique [ 12] or by XAD-2 micromethod [13]. Also the blank samples taken from non-poisoned subjects were analyzed, serving as a source of data concerning the biologic background of various methods of isolation and detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymic digestion of biosamples as a method of sample pretreatment before XAD-2 extraction

Bogusz¹,

Białka²,

Gierz³

1981

Z Rechtsmed

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Four proteolytic enzymes trypsin, protease type I, protease type V (Pronase AS) and protease type VIII (Subtilisin) were used for digestion of blood, brain, liver, and kidney in experimental poisonings of dogs with phenobarbital, amitriptyline, diazepam, and chlorpromazine. Enzymic digestion was used also in 21 forensic cases of fatal poisonings with hypnotic and psychotropic drugs. Each enzyme applied gave a similar yield. The efficienct of enzymic digestion varied according to the kind of drug, tissue, and individual. In general, enzymic hydrolysis proved useful in isolation of psychotropic drugs from liver and brain, being less effective in the case of blood. The mechanism of drugs liberation after enzymic treatment remains obscure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymic digestion of biosamples as a method of sample pretreatment before XAD-2 extraction

Bogusz¹,

Białka²,

Gierz³

1981

Z Rechtsmed

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“…Es wurde dabei mit einem Verfahren nach de Silva [8] in leicht abgewandelter Form gearbeitet [12,21]. Es wurde dabei mit einem Verfahren nach de Silva [8] in leicht abgewandelter Form gearbeitet [12,21].…”

Section: Gaschromatographische Referenzmethodik (Gc)unclassified

Ein Screening-Radioimmunoassay für 1,4-Benzodiazepine in menschlichem Blut, Serum und Urin mit Antikö rpern gegen Oxazepamhemisuccinat

Aderjan

Schmidt²

1979

Z Rechtsmed

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A simple and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the determination of oxazepam and other 1,4-benzodiazepines in human blood serum and urine (e.g., diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, chlorazepate). For serum a 1:10 dilution, for urine a 1:100 dilution is recommended. Blood and hemolyzed samples need prior extraction by Amberlite XAD-2. The antisera were raised by immunizing "White New Zealand"-rabbits with an oxazepam-3-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin conjugate. Using 0.1 ml serum dilution the sensitivity is 0.01 mg/l per tube. Especially higher concentrations show a tendency toward underestimation. Being not limited to a single 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, the specificity of the antisera is also suitable for a screening analysis. Compared to thin-layer chromatographic analysis of urine this assay shows improved sensitivity (0.05--0.1 mg/l in 0.1 ml of a 1:100 dilution = 1 microliter of urine). For forensic investigations, an analysis in the sequence of urine-RIA, blood/serum-RIA, blood/serum-"electron-capture"-gas-liquid chromatography (ECD-GLC) seems to be a helpful approach. Blood levels of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam determined by RIA and GLC after extraction are in satisfactory agreement.

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Vergiftungen mit Diphenhydramin ? Forensisch-toxikologische Beurteilung von Analysenbefunden

1982

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Several poisonings by diphenhydramine were reported shortly after it had been introduced as an antihistamine in 1945. In the Federal Republic of Germany its combination with 8-chlorotheophylline (dimenhydrinate) is available as a hypnotic without prescription. Replacing the dangerous diethylpentenamide diphenhydramine is a drug which is also often abused. Fatal poisonings, suicide attempts, and traffic accidents were increasingly observed. In seven cases drug-influenced road users caused traffic accidents. We observed blood concentrations of diphenhydramine as high as in four cases of clinically treated patients after ingestion of large doses. This indicates a serious drug abuse. The measurement of the concentration of diphenhydramine and its major metabolite (diphenmethoxy acetic acid) in blood and urine is a means of recognizing chronic use and misuse of diphenhydramine. As the metabolite accumulates in blood one may find an elevated level after multiple dosing. Shortly after taking a single dose no or only low metabolite concentration is found. The concentration of diphenhydramine and its metabolite was measured in several fatal cases. In one of these cases the concentration in body fluids and tissues was in a range not observed until now.

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A micromethod for the isolation of drugs from blood using Amberlite XAD-2

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Enzymic digestion of biosamples as a method of sample pretreatment before XAD-2 extraction

Enzymic digestion of biosamples as a method of sample pretreatment before XAD-2 extraction

Ein Screening-Radioimmunoassay für 1,4-Benzodiazepine in menschlichem Blut, Serum und Urin mit Antikö rpern gegen Oxazepamhemisuccinat

Vergiftungen mit Diphenhydramin ? Forensisch-toxikologische Beurteilung von Analysenbefunden

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