“…Additionally, the SPD model was used to describe the continuous and discontinuous behavior of more comprehensive materials in applications, such as thermoplastic, 12 viscoelasticity, 13 plasticity, 14 visioplasticity, 15 thermoviscoelastic, 16 and finite deformation problems. 17 As described by Huang et al 18 and Wang et al, 19 the BPD model still has a wide range of applications because of its simplicity compared to the SPD model, and it can be realized more easily in program implementation. In order to overcome the limitation of Poisson's ratio, many scholars proposed extended PD models based on the classical BPD model.…”