A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China sheds new light on the peltopleuriform phylogeny and internal fertilization

Xu, Guangcai; Ma, Xin-Ying

doi:10.1007/s11434-016-1189-5

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The basal position of Platysiagidae (as well as that of Perleidiformes) within Neopterygii found here is in good agreement with the results of Xu et al (2015), Xu & Ma (2016), and Xu & Zhao (2016).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

A new species ofPlatysiagumfrom the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii

Wen¹,

Hu²,

Zhang

et al. 2018

Geol. Mag.

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Four complete platysiagid fish specimens are described from the Luoping Biota, Anisian (Middle Triassic), Yunnan Province, southwest China. They are small fishes with bones and scales covered with ganoine. All characters observed, such as nasals meeting in the midline, a keystone-like dermosphenotic, absence of post-rostral bone, two infraorbitals between dermosphenotic and jugal, large antorbital, and two postcleithra, suggest that the new materials belong to a single, new Platysiagum species, P. sinensis sp. nov. Three genera are ascribed to Platysiagidae: Platysiagum, Helmolepis and Caelatichthys. However, most specimens of the first two genera are imprints or fragmentary. The new, well-preserved specimens from the Luoping Biota provide more detailed anatomical information than before, and thus help amend the concept of the Platysiagidae. The Family Platysiagidae was previously classed in the Perleidiformes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Platysiagidae is a member of basal Neopterygii, and its origin seems to predate that of Perleidiformes. Moreover, platysiagid fishes are known from the Middle Triassic of the western Tethys region. The newly found specimens of platysiagids from Luoping provide additional evidence that both eastern and western sides of the Tethys Ocean were biogeographically more connected than previously thought.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

A new species ofPlatysiagumfrom the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii

Wen¹,

Hu²,

Zhang

et al. 2018

Geol. Mag.

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“…In the past decade, 11 stem neopterygian species (in 11 genera) were recovered from the early Middle Triassic Luoping Biota or Lagerstätte in eastern Yunnan, China ( Lombardo et al, 2011 ; Geng et al, 2012 ; Sun et al, 2009 , 2012 , 2015 ; Lin et al, 2011 ; Xu & Ma, 2016 ; Xu & Zhao, 2016 ; Wen et al, 2019 ; Xu, 2020a ). Among them, the peltopleurids, habroichthyids, venusichthyids, platysiagids and basal louwoichthyids are small-sized fishes with a standard length (SL) of 30–50 mm, and the rest ( Luopingichthys , Fuyuanperleidus and several ‘perleidids’) medium-sized with a SL of 85–190 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, the peltopleurids, habroichthyids, venusichthyids, platysiagids and basal louwoichthyids are small-sized fishes with a standard length (SL) of 30–50 mm, and the rest ( Luopingichthys , Fuyuanperleidus and several ‘perleidids’) medium-sized with a SL of 85–190 mm. At the order level, these stem neopterygians are taxonomically referred to ‘Perleidiformes’, Peltopleuriformes (sensu Xu & Ma, 2016 ), Platysiagiformes and Louwoichthyiformes ( Xu, 2020a ), in addition to few without to a particular order within this clade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China

2020

PeerJ

Self Cite

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Neopterygii is a large group of ray-finned fishes which underwent a rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic. Until recently, 11 stem neopterygians have been recovered from the early Middle Triassic Luoping Biota in eastern Yunnan, China, and they are small to medium-sized fishes. Here, I report the discovery of a new stem neopterygian, Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Luoping Biota, which represents the first evidence of large-sized stem neopteygians in this biota with a total length of ~340 mm (290 mm in standard length). The skull of the new taxon is exceptionally well-preserved, showing some peculiar features rarely known in other stem neopterygians, for example fusion of paired premaxillae, fusion of lacrimal with maxilla, and a fused parieto-dermopterotic with a strong posterior process. Phylogenetic studies recover Feroxichthys as a basal colobodontid, and a revised diagnosis of this family is presented. The feeding apparatus indicates that Feroxichthys might have been predominantly durophagous, resembling other colobodontids. However, the anterior peg-like teeth in the jaws of Feroxichthys are much longer and stronger than other colobodontids, enabling a more powerful initial prey capture before food was passed posteriorly to molariform teeth for crushing in the oral cavity. As a mysterious large durophagous predator previously unknown from the Luoping Biota, the new finding is important not only for understanding the early diversification of neopterygians during this age but also for investigating the trophic structure in this marine ecosystem.

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“…Coloured bars highlight the taxa from the Middle Triassic of South China (green), Middle Triassic of the Alps (red), German Posidonienschiefer (blue), Late Jurassic of Southern Germany (orange) and the Aptian/Albian Araripe Basin of Brazil (purple). Chronostratigraphic provenance of the Mesozoic taxa: † Pteronisculus stensioi , † Boreosomus piveteaui and † Australosomus kochi , Fish Zone 2–5 of Kap Stosch, Early Triassic (Induan) of East Greenland [ 46 , 84 , 179 ]; † Plesiofuro mingshuica , Hongyanjing Formation of Gansu Province, China, Early Triassic (Olenekian) [ 69 , 180 ]; † Watsonulus eugnathoides , middle Sakamena Formation of Madagascar, Early Triassic [ 85 , 181 ]; † Kiphosichthys grandei , † Robustichthys luopingensis , † Sangiorgioichthys sui , Luoping biota, Member II of the Guanling Formation, Guizhou, China, Anisian (mid-Pelsonian), Middle Triassic [ 33 , 164 , 182 ]; † Panxianichthys imparilis , Panxian biota, Member II of the Guanling Formation, Guizhou, China, Anisian (mid-Pelsonian), Middle Triassic [ 164 , 182 ]; † Ticinolepis crassidens , uppermost Besano Formation, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, early Ladinian, Middle Triassic [ 37 ]; † Ticinolepis longaeva , uppermost Besano Formation and most of the Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, Ladinian, Middle Triassic [ 37 ]; † Sangiorgioichthys aldae and † S . valmarensis , Kalkschieferzone, uppermost Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, latest Ladinian, Middle Triassic [ 37 , 183 , 184 ]; † Archaeosemionotus connectens , Perledo Member of the Perledo-Varenna Formation, Italy, late Ladinian, Middle Triassic [ 34 ]; † Pholidophoretes salvus , Reingraben beds, Austria, early Carnian (Julian), early Late Triassic [ 29 ]; † Knerichthys bronni , Raild (=Cave del Predil), Friaul, Udine, Italy, Carnian, early Late Triassic [ 29 ]; † Semionotus bergeri , Hassberge Formation (Coburger Sandstein), Coburg, Germany, late Carnian, early Late Triassic [ 185 ]; † Paralepidotus ornatus , middle and late Norian localities of Italy and Austria, middle Late Trias...…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of these key innovations were also acquired by the so-called subholosteans, allegedly as a consequence of convergent evolution [ 175 , 179 ]. However, the systematic position of the taxa regarded as subholosteans and their phylogenetic relationships with the crown-neopterygians are still unclear, and at least some subholostean groups might be on the stem lineage to crown-Neopterygii [ 93 , 180 – 182 ]. Therefore, the rapid diversification of the early Mesozoic subholosteans and crown-neopterygians might be part of a single radiation event and should thus not be treated as separate clades, as in most recent diversity studies [ 174 , 183 ].…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay

López‐Arbarello¹,

Sferco

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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The phylogenetic relationships of the recently described genus †Ticinolepis from the Middle Triassic of the Monte San Giorgio are explored through cladistic analyses of the so far largest morphological dataset for fossil actinopterygians, including representatives of the crown-neopterygian clades Halecomorphi, Ginglymodi and Teleostei, and merging the characters from previously published systematic studies together with newly proposed characters. †Ticinolepis is retrieved as the most basal Ginglymodi and our results support the monophyly of Teleostei and Holostei, as well as Halecomorphi and Ginglymodi within the latter clade. The patterns of relationships within these clades mostly agree with those of previous studies, although a few important differences require future research. According to our results, ionoscopiforms are not monophyletic, caturids are not amiiforms and leptolepids and luisiellids form a monophyletic clade. Our phylogenetic hypothesis confirms the rapid radiation of the holostean clades Halecomorphi and Ginglymodi during the Early and Middle Triassic and the radiation of pholidophoriform teleosts during the Late Triassic. Crown-group Halecomorphi have an enormous ghost lineage throughout half of the Mesozoic, but ginglymodians and teleosts show a second radiation during the Early Jurassic. The crown-groups of Halecomorphi, Ginglymodi and Teleostei originated within parallel events of radiation during the Late Jurassic.

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A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China sheds new light on the peltopleuriform phylogeny and internal fertilization

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

A new species ofPlatysiagumfrom the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii

A new species ofPlatysiagumfrom the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii

Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China

Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay

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