2020
DOI: 10.3390/su12156133
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A Mini-Review of Urban Wastewater Treatment in Greece: History, Development and Future Challenges

Abstract: Although Greece has accomplished wastewater infrastructure construction to a large extent, as 91% of the country’s population is already connected to urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many problems still need to be faced. These include the limited reuse of treated wastewater and of the surplus sludge (biosolids) produced, the relative higher energy consumption in the existing rather aged WWTPs infrastructure, and the proper management of failing or inadequately designed septic tank/soil absorption sys… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 34 publications
(39 reference statements)
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“…To assess any historical changes in river water quality, two periods have been distinguished; 1980-2011 and 2012-2020. The lower boundary of the recent period coincides with massive installations of urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs) in Greece [40].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…To assess any historical changes in river water quality, two periods have been distinguished; 1980-2011 and 2012-2020. The lower boundary of the recent period coincides with massive installations of urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs) in Greece [40].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the beginning of the 1990s, the construction of UWWTPs started to increase rapidly, and in 2005 around 70% of the population was served, mainly by primary treatment. From 2010 onwards, the situation improved substantially, and in 2012, over 85% of the population was served, 80% of which by tertiary treatment [40]. In Bulgaria, where one of the most significant pressures on rivers is point source pollution from UWWTPs (by 22%), appropriate infrastructure is gradually implemented to comply with the Wastewater Treatment Directive [59].…”
Section: River Quality Statusmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The current methods of wastewater treatment do not completely eliminate antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant genes in wastewater [ 21 , 22 ], thus requiring the use of other novel methods in addition to current wastewater treatment strategies. In the traditional wastewater treatment system, wastewater is treated using the pre-primary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages [ 22 , 64 , 65 ]. Specific processes during these treatment stages have varying degrees of efficiency in eliminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes [ 25 , 66 ].…”
Section: Antibacterial Resistance and Antibacterial Activitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With that, the structure for wastewater governance can be complex and at the same time, the number of WWTPs to manage by the same organism or organization can range from one, to several and sometimes a few hundred plants [4,5]. As a result, the number of stakeholders involved and the level where the decision-making process for the implementation of renewable energy technologies at a particular plant takes place, can vary significantly [42,43]. In addition to the regional examples, at private level, similar initiatives from water corporations managing a group of plants from a certain geographical area, are also arising, such as those in Portugal [44] or Spain [45].…”
Section: Management Models and Renewable Energy Strategies In The Wastewater Industrymentioning
confidence: 99%