A Minor Prevalent Strain in a Severe Outbreak of Foal Diarrhea Associated with Serotype 3 Rotavirus.

The study determined the relative importance of Escherichia coli, E. coli O157, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Strongyloides westeri in foal (diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic) available for sampling during the foaling season of 2010 and determined their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 foals (9 diarrhoeic and 155 non-diarrhoeic) from 15 farms in Trinidad. Isolation and detection of enteric pathogens followed standard methods, and the antibiograms of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were determined using the disc diffusion method. All organisms investigated were detected except E. coli O157. A high prevalence of E. coli (85.0%), Cryptosporidium spp. (64.8%), Strongyloides westeri (35.7%) was seen, but the prevalence was comparatively low for Clostridium spp. (12.9%), Salmonella spp. (4.4%) and rotavirus (2.1%). Only Salmonella spp. was isolated at a statistically significantly ( P < 0.05; χ 2 ) higher frequency from diarrhoeic (25.0%) than non-diarrhoeic (4.0%) foals. Amongst E. coli isolates, the frequency of resistance was higher in isolates from diarrhoeic compared with non-diarrhoeic foals but the difference was only statistically significant ( P < 0.05; χ 2 ) for tetracycline. All isolates of Salmonella spp. were sensitive to streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, a finding that may have therapeutic significance.

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“…Reported rates of detection or isolation of rotavirus in diarrhoeic foals have varied between countries [18–20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characteristics of Enteric Pathogens Detected in Diarrhoeic and Non-Diarrhoeic Foals in Trinidad

Harris

Sankar

Small

et al. 2012

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…In contrast, the presence of 17 different P serotypes (or VP4 genotypes) has been elucidated by serological analysis using antisera against baculovirus-expressed VP4 proteins or by VP4 sequence analysis [4,5,9,14,15,19,20]. In equine rotaviruses, VP4 sequence analysis was applied only to strain H2 and the strain was found to have a distinct VP4 genotype [9].We previously showed that strain CH3 was genotypically derived from equine rotavirus, although no significant reaction was observed in neutralization tests between strain CH3 and antisera against G serotypes 1 to 12 of human and animal rotaviruses [21]. In the present study, we describe the further antigenic and genomic characterization of strain CH3 by serum neutralization tests and nucleotide sequence determination of its VP4 and VP7 genes.…”

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confidence: 99%