A model-based comparison of Ru and Ni catalysts for the Sabatier reaction

Moioli, Emanuele; Züttel, Andreas

doi:10.1039/c9se00787c

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Such effects include, for example, rapidly moving reaction hotspots during the reaction activation or heat gradients due to gas concentration and reaction rate differences during steady state operation. IR thermography proved to be a potent method to investigate these phenomena, which would be difficult to identify with the standard temperature measurement devices [21]. The results here elucidated can be compared with several other studies available in literature, which applied IR spectroscopy in the analysis of the Sabatier reaction [9,15,17,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…150 s. After this time, the reaction occurs in the reactor showing the characteristic temperature hotspot at the reactor inlet. The steady state concentration and temperature profiles are determined by the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics [21]. In the lab-scale reaction cell, the extension of this hotspot is limited (ca.…”

Section: Sabatier Reaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Mutschler¹,

Moioli²

2021

Preprint

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Infrared (IR) thermography is a powerful tool to measure temperature with a high space and time resolution. A particular interesting application of this technology is in the field of catalysis, where new insights to highly dynamic surface reactions are possible. This paper presents guidelines for the development of a reactor cell that can aid in the efficient exploitation of infrared thermography for the investigation of catalytic and other surface reactions. Firstly, the necessary properties of the catalytic reactor are described. In fact, special equipment must be developed to ensure the realization of true operando conditions in the IR thermography experiments. Here, we provide the guidelines to assemble a chemical reactor with an IR transmitting window through which the reaction can be studied with the infrared camera. Secondly, we analyze the requirements towards the catalytic system to be directly observable by IR thermography. This includes the need for a catalyst that provides a sufficiently high heat production (or absorption) rate. We present selected examples of catalytic reactions that can be monitored by IR thermography and showing the potential of the technology in revealing transient and steady state chemical phenomena.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Sabatier Reaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Mutschler¹,

Moioli²

2021

Preprint

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“…For instance, to reach the same CO 2 conversion (85%), the commercial Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst could proceed with the methanation reaction at 200 °C, while Ni‐based catalyst activates the reaction above 300 °C. [ 44 ] The reaction is suggested to be dominated by the thermodynamic equilibrium, and thus the rapid reaction rate could be realized on Ru sites at a relatively low temperature without the requirement for an intermediate condensation step. Meanwhile, the metal loading of Ni is two orders of magnitude higher than that of Ru, indicating that Ru/Al 2 O 3 is the preferable catalyst for small‐scale CO 2 methanation application.…”

Section: Thermocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO₂‐to‐Fuel Conversion

Zhang

Pérez‐Ramírez

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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The excess depletion of carbon‐rich fossil fuels and agroforest biomass resources has aggravated the energy crisis and environmental pollution, causing increased CO2 emissions. Accordingly, the goal of “peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality” is proposed to alleviate global warming. CO2‐to‐fuel conversion is considered as a preferable move for reducing the atmospheric CO2 concentration and further upgrading to chemical feedstocks. However, the highly efficient CO2 conversion remains challenging due to the thermodynamic limits and kinetic barriers, which require high energy input through conventional thermocatalysis. Inspired by “artificial photosynthesis,” photocatalytic CO2 transformation has received tremendous attention and makes remarkable progress over the past decades, although it is still far from practical application. Recently, the integrated photothermocatalysis has emerged as an intelligent strategy to utilize solar energy to induce local heating and energetic hot carriers, which synergistically promote CO2‐to‐fuel conversion. The key to the success of CO2 upgradation is catalysts’ development with improved activity, selectivity, and stability. This review highlights the recent advancements in materials designing for practical CO2 conversion through thermocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photothermocatalysis during the past five years, emphasizing the reaction pathways and mechanism on the CO bond activation and intermediates formation. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities are described.

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“…The main characteristic of the Sabatier reaction is the strong exothermicity. This leads to important challenges in the reactor design, as the heat must be efficiently removed from the system, avoiding the operation in a heat transfer limited regime [87,88] and problems related to catalyst deactivation due to sintering [89]. Several reactor types have been developed over the last few years.…”

Section: 2reactor Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

Moioli¹,

Schildhauer²

2021

Preprint

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This review reports the available technologies for the flexible utilization of biomass towards negative CO2 emissions and addresses the possibility to couple biogas production plants with the electrical grid converting excess electrical energy into storable chemical molecules. This changed mind-set towards biomass utilization can lead readily to the implementation of negative CO2 emission along the entire bioenergy supply chain without limiting the potential for Power-to-X applications. First, the technologies for direct conversion of waste and wood into gaseous energy carriers are screened, to highlight the potential for the production of renewable fuels. Second, the processes for the removal of CO2 from biogenic gas streams are analysed in terms of technological performance, cost and further potential for the CO2 recovered. These technologies are the key to pre-combustion CO2 capture and negative emissions. Third, the possibility of coupling biomass conversion and synthetic fuels production is explored, providing an overview on the technical maturity of the various energy storage processes. The flexible use of biomass can be an essential part of the future CO2-free energy systems, as it can directly provide energy carriers all around the year and also large quantities of climate-neutral carbon for the production of synthetic fuels with renewable energy. In turn, when no additional renewable electricity is available, the CO2 by-product from biofuel synthesis can be used for the negative emissions. This opens the way to an efficient strategy for the seasonal storage of electrical energy, realizing a carbon-neutral energy system coupled with the development of carbon-negative energy strategy.

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A model-based comparison of Ru and Ni catalysts for the Sabatier reaction

Abstract: The differences between Ru- and Ni-based catalysts for the Sabatier reactor are assessed on the basis of appropriate kinetic models and reactor designs.

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO₂‐to‐Fuel Conversion

Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

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A model-based comparison of Ru and Ni catalysts for the Sabatier reaction

Abstract: The differences between Ru- and Ni-based catalysts for the Sabatier reactor are assessed on the basis of appropriate kinetic models and reactor designs.

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?

Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO2‐to‐Fuel Conversion

Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO₂‐to‐Fuel Conversion