A Model for Glucose Metabolism in Man

Spencer, J L; Long, Chen; Kinney, John M.

doi:10.1021/i160037a002

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Carbohydrate stores within the body were insignificant, and after even short periods of starvation body glucose needs are met by an increased liver production of glucose from protein precursors. Using an isotopic tracer technique (Spencer, Long & Kinney, 1971), it was established that in the late recovery phase following severe injury, and in sepsis, both glucose oxidation and gluconeogenesis were increased (Long, Spencer, Kinney & Geiger, 1971 ; Gump, Long, Killian & Kinney, 1974) and that gluconeogenesis could not be suppressed by intravenous infusion of glucose (Long, Kinney & Geiger, 1976). This suggested that after injury the normal neurohumoral regulation of gluconeogenesis with muscle and liver had ceased to be effective.…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I978mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Exchanges and Injury

et al. 1978

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The practical application of calorimetry to the study of energy expenditure after injury did not begin until 1930, with the work of Cuthbertson in Glasgow, who used relatively crude indirect calorimetry techniques to study patients with bone fractures. During the late recovery phase, he found increases in oxygen consumption of 15-q% above resting values, associated with a rise in rectal temperature (Cuthbertson, 1932). These increases in metabolic expenditure were linked with evidence of increased protein breakdown (Cuthbertson, 1930, 193 I), thought to originate in muscle (Cuthbertson, 1936). The injured rat displayed similar changes (Cuthbertson, 1939). Over the next two decades interest in the energetic consequences of injury waned, largely as a result of the poor accuracy and cumbersome nature of the calorimeters then available. Using radioisotope tracers and other advances, research into the metabolic response to injury centered upon biochemical, hormonal and cellular changes (Richards, 1977). Further indirect calorimetry studies were made (Cope, Nardi, Quijano, Rovit, Stanbury & Wright, 1953) in the early 1950s but they could not identify the cause of the hypermetabolism following injury.Advances in the study of energy expenditure after injury did not take place until the development of gradient-layer calorimetry (Benzinger & Kitzinger, 1949). The adiabatic principles which had been responsible for the slow response time and relatively poor performance of earlier calorimeters were replaced by direct measurement of the instantaneous flow of heat through the walls of the chamber. The sensible and insensible heat loss of the subject could be measured continuously and automatically. A calorimeter of the Benzinger type was constructed at the Rowett Research Institute (Pullar, 1956(Pullar, , 1957(Pullar, , 1969, and later was used by Cairnie, Campbell, Cuthbertson & Pullar (1957) to measure energy expenditure after bone fracture in groups of rats. They found increases in metabolic rate of up to 7% above normal resting values in rats kept at an ambient temperature of 19O after unilateral femur fracture. By direct and indirect measurement, the total metabolism of rats fed on 18. I % protein diet was 608 kJ/kg@75 per d before injury. This increased to a maximum of 637 kJ/kgo*75 per d on the third post fracture day and was closely paralleled by an increase in urinary nitrogen losses from 360 mg/d before, to a maximum of 478 mg/d on the third day after injury. The calculated at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

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Section: Symposium Proceedings I978mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Exchanges and Injury

et al. 1978

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“…Tracer studies with 14C-glucose have been employed with a mathematical model developed by Dr Jordan Spencer to relate blood and breath specific activities and the rate of CO2 production to the rate of glucose turnover and oxidation in surgical patients (Spencer, Long and Kinney, 1970). To date, 35 glucose runs have been made, including 14 volunteers (Long, Spencer, Kinney, and Geiger, 1970a) or patients undergoing elective surgery.…”

Section: Intermediary Metabolism After Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%