A model for relational reasoning as verbal reasoning

Krumnack, Antje; Bucher, Leandra; Nejasmic, Jelica; Nebel, Bernhard; Knauff, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.11.001

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Otherwise, entities have to be relocated within the preliminary model in order to regain consistency between this preliminary model and the additional information. The postulated single preliminary mental model that is varied when necessary, as opposed to the construction of multiple models, fits well with the principle of parsimony and with previous findings suggesting that humans prefer to construct as few mental models as possible (Knauff et al, 1995;Krumnack et al, 2011;Ragni et al, 2006;Ragni & Knauff, 2013;Ragni et al, 2005;Rauh et al, 2005;Rauh et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In other words, all objects are integrated into the model at the first free position that is not already occupied by another object and fulfils the spatial relation from the premise at hand (Knauff et al, 1995;Krumnack et al, 2011;Ragni et al, 2006;Ragni et al, 2005;Rauh et al, 2005;Rauh et al, 1997). Moreover, the preferences result from people's tendency to construct models from left to right (Chan & Bergen, 2005;De Soto et al, 1965;Hörnig et al, 2006;Huttenlocher, 1968;Spalek & Hammad, 2005) and to insert new entities to the endpoint on the rightmost side than to place new entities between already represented entities within a mental model (Krumnack et al, 2010(Krumnack et al, , 2011. Additionally, humans try to counteract the more difficult task to represent a greater number of entities in a mental model by chunking entities within a mental representation (Halford et al, 1998;Schaeken et al, 2007;Vandierendonck et al, 2004).…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect

Nejasmic

Bucher

Knauff

2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Many studies show that spatial reasoning with information that describe relations between two or more objects relies on the construction and inspection of mental models. This article mainly focuses on the phenomenon that humans have more difficulties in processing spatial information that is not directly related to each other-for example, presented discontinuously-what is also known as the continuity effect. The article investigates how humans integrate such information into one unified mental model. In four experiments, we investigated the question whether (a) reasoners construct more than one (preliminary) model, with the first two premises presented in a discontinuous description, and integrate the models afterwards, or alternatively (b) construct one preliminary model that is later modified in the light of the last parts of problem description. The results support the second assumption and offer a new view on the continuity effect and the fundamental principles of model construction and variation in human spatial reasoning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect

Nejasmic

Bucher

Knauff

2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Jahn, Knauff, & Johnson-Laird, 2007;Knauff & Ragni, 2011), and inferences that call for such rearrangements are more difficult than those that do not (e.g. Krumnack, Bucher, Nejasmic, Nebel, & Knauff, 2011). Analogous results bear out the use of iconic representations in temporal reasoning, whether it depends on relations such as "before" and "after" (Schaeken, Johnson-Laird, & d'Ydewalle, 1996a) or on the tense and aspect of verbs, as in:…”

Section: Icons and Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Toward a Unified Theory of Reasoning

Johnson‐Laird

Khemlani

2013

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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This article describes a theory that uses mental models to integrate deductive, inductive, and probabilistic reasoning. It spells out the main principles of the theory and illustrates them with examples from various domains. It shows how models underlie inductions, explanations, estimates of probabilities, and informal algorithms. In all these cases, a central principle is that the mind represents each sort of possibility in a separate mental model and infers whatever holds in the resulting set of models. Finally, the article reviews what has been accomplished in implementing the theory in a single large-scale computer program, mReasoner.

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“…The systemic complexity of a system (also referred to as dynamic complexity) is a result of interactions of system components in such a way that the system produces outputs that are not easily predictable. Note that there are other definitions of complexity of a system, such as computational complexity (Krumnack et al, 2011), or Kolmogorov complexity (Li and Vitányi, 2009). Although these definitions make it easier to measure complexity, their usefulness in dynamic decision-making research is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of systemic complexity factors on task difficulty in a stock management game

Özgün

Barlas

2015

Syst. Dyn. Rev.

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In an experimental research involving stock management, we test the effects of three complexity factors on game performance measure and perceived difficulty ratings, first individually at different factor levels, and then in interaction with each other. Experiments show that, with respect to the base game, only the delay factor causes worsening in player performance, with increased delay duration and delay order. Nonlinearity and feedback do not deteriorate game performance by themselves, but they become mildly significant when they exist together with delay. Players’ subjective difficulty ratings also indicate strong delay effect, and no other significant factor. Game scores and subjective difficulty ratings are positively correlated (0.58). Our results show that each complexity factor has a different type and level of influence on the overall task difficulty, which has implications for designing better simulators for education and training. Copyright © 2015 System Dynamics Society

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A model for relational reasoning as verbal reasoning

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect

The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect

Toward a Unified Theory of Reasoning

Effects of systemic complexity factors on task difficulty in a stock management game

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