A model for two-digit number processing based on a joint Garner and system factorial technology analysis.

Abstract

As a vital part of our daily lives, number processing has received much attention in current cognitive research. Most adults perceive with ease the numerical magnitude of a two-digit number and also the individual magnitudes of the component digits, yet the relation between the 2 is poorly understood. Application to two-digit numbers of Garner’s speeded classification paradigm (Experiment 1) and of system factorial technology (Experiment 2) jointly reveals phases of independent and of coactive processing within a well-defined time-course. A new model, the interactive race coactive model, explains various facets of two-digit number processing.

Decomposing the composite face effect: Evidence for non-holistic processing based on the ex-Gaussian distribution

“…Strong evidence for the absence of information integration in composite faces comes from application of the redundant target task (Miller, 1982) and the system factorial technology (SFT, Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) to composite faces (Fitousi, 2015; see also Cheng, McCarthy, Wang, Palmeri & Little, 2018). The SFT is a powerful mathematical theory accompanied by a set of methodological tools capable of diagnosing fundamental processing characteristics (Fitousi, 2019a; Fitousi & Algom, 2018, 2019). The SFT affords qualitative and quantitative identification of the underlying processing system (serial, parallel, or coactive).…”

“…These stimuli fuse the top and bottom halves from two different identities to give the impression of a novel face (Young et al, 1987). The illusion is reduced or gone when the face halves are misaligned or inverted (Fitousi, 2016, 2019; Richler, Gauthier, et al, 2008). The illusion has been documented with familiar faces (Young et al, 1987) and unfamiliar faces (Fitousi, 2013, 2015; Hole, 1994; Michel et al, 2006; Richler, Tanaka, et al, 2008) alike.…”

From Global-to-Local? Uncovering the Temporal Dynamics of the Composite Face Illusion Using Distributional Analyses

“…1 Holistic processing in SFT entails a distinct process model called coactivation (Miller, 1982; Townsend and Nozawa, 1995). In coactive systems information from two facial features or parts should coalesce into a single channel, producing well-known effects of supercapacity and coactivation (Townsend and Nozawa, 1995; Fitousi, 2015; Fitousi and Algom, 2018, 2019) on response latencies distributions (Miller, 1982, 1986; Townsend and Wenger, 2004). When tested against this well-defined model, faces have failed to exhibit expected holistic signatures (Fitousi, 2015; Cheng et al, 2018).…”

Extracting Summary Statistics of Rapid Numerical Sequences

“…In all the experiments the sequences presented two digit numbers at a rate of 4/s and sequencelength was randomly selected to be either 6 or 12 items (based on Brezis et al, 2015, we avoided shorter sequence lengths to discourage explicit computation strategies, which were found for sequences of 4 items). Previous research has indicated that the number magnitude is automatically encoded when subjects are presented with two digit numbers (Dehaene et al, 1990;Fitousi and Algom, 2019). In Experiments 1a and 1b, we require participants to evaluate only the sequence average (see Figure 3).…”