A model predictive control strategy for load shifting in a water pumping scheme with maximum demand charges

Staden, A.J. van; Zhang, Jiangfeng; Xia, Xiaohua

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.054

Cited by 98 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They highlighted several DSM tools used to enhance system efficiency, such as: 1) information feedback and 2) dynamic pricing with or without direct load control (for example, time-of-use pricing, critical-peak pricing, peak-time rebate, real-time pricing and inclining block rate) [4]. Other studies emphasized load scheduling from on peak to off peak times as an effective tool for consumption reduction with the additional economic and environmental gains [5,6] or to achieve financial savings for the customers [7,8]. Panapakidis et al indicates that the wider deployment of smart meters is an important tool that can enhance DSM implementation and reduce household consumption [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reducing Household Electricity Consumption through Demand Side Management: The Role of Home Appliance Scheduling and Peak Load Reduction

Laicāne

Blumberga

et al. 2015

Energy Procedia

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One of the key issues arising from extended smart metering roll-out across Europe is how the data obtained from the meters may be used to provide end users with important information on energy-saving advice, which is one of the main principles of demand side management (DSM). The investigation of the potential for demand side management to reduce peak load were evaluated in this study. One four-person household was surveyed with the aim to find out user activities within the house, in particular, the use of appliances. Two appliances -a washing machine and dishwasher -were selected for assessing the potential for load shifting. The derived results show that, as a result of washing machine and dishwasher load shifting, the peak load of a dwelling can be reduced on average by 24 % and 13.5 %, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reducing Household Electricity Consumption through Demand Side Management: The Role of Home Appliance Scheduling and Peak Load Reduction

Laicāne

Blumberga

et al. 2015

Energy Procedia

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“…Some applications consider load shifting by finding the optimal switching times of equipment or processes according to the TOU tariff, e.g., controlling conveyor belts [6,7], pumps [8,9], geysers [10] and equipment that form part of a batch process [11]. These examples show significant cost saving compared to the baseline case, but actual energy saving is very little because the objective is focused on load shifting from peak periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of mine ventilation fan speeds according to ventilation on demand and time of use tariff

2015

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h i g h l i g h t s DSM techniques are applied to an underground mine ventilation network. A minimization model is solved to find the optimal speeds of the main mine fan. Ventilation on demand (VOD) leads to a saving of USD 213160. The optimal mining schedule, together with VOD, leads to a saving of USD 277035. According to a case study, a maximum of 2 540 035 kW h can be saved per year. a b s t r a c tIn the current situation of the energy crisis, the mining industry has been identified as a promising area for application of demand side management (DSM) techniques. This paper investigates the potential for energy-cost savings and actual energy savings, by implementation of variable speed drives to ventilation fans in underground mines. In particular, ventilation on demand is considered in the study, i.e., air volume is adjusted according to the demand at varying times. Two DSM strategies, energy efficiency (EE) and load management (LM), are formulated and analysed. By modelling the network with the aid of Kirchhoff's laws and Tellegen's theorem, a nonlinear constrained minimization model is developed, with the objective of achieving EE. The model is also made to adhere to the fan laws, such that the fan power at its operating points is found to achieve realistic results. LM is achieved by finding the optimal starting time of the mining schedule, according to the time of use (TOU) tariff. A case study is shown to demonstrate the effects of the optimization model. The study suggests that by combining load shifting and energy efficiency techniques, an annual energy saving of 2 540 035 kW h is possible, leading to an annual cost saving of USD 277035.

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“…Although it does not guarantee global optimality of operations, it has yielded good control strategies in practice (Nikolaou 2001), acting against uncertainties in demand at each schedule update. It has also been applied as a control technique to mitigate maximum demand charges when operating a WDS (van Staden et al 2011). Other iterative methods, decompose the scheduling problem into sub-problems that can be solved by a range of mathematical optimisation methods.…”

Section: Review Of Mathematical Optimisation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pump scheduling for fixed energy tariffs has been studied extensively, detailed reviews can be found in D' Ambrosio et al (2015) and Singh (2014). However, as energy grids are changing with the introduction of renewables, different operating strategies may be favourable compared to optimising for a fixed energy tariff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Optimal Pump Scheduling in Water Distribution Networks with Branch and Bound Methods

Menke

Abraham

Parpas

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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Water utilities can achieve significant savings in operating costs by optimising pump scheduling to improve efficiency and shift electricity consumption to low-tariff periods. Due to the complexity of the optimal scheduling problem, heuristic methods that cannot guarantee global optimality are often applied. This paper investigates formulations of the pump scheduling problem solved using a branch and bound method. Piecewise linear component approximations outperform non-linear approximations within application driven accuracy bounds and demand uncertainties. It is shown that the reduction of symmetry through the grouping of pumps significantly reduces the computational effort, whereas loops in the network have the opposite effect. The computational effort of including convex, non-linear pump operating, and maintenance cost functions is investigated. Using case studies, it is shown that linear and fixed-cost functions can be used to find schedules which, when simulated in a full hydraulic simulation, have performances that are within the solver optimality gap and the uncertainty of demand forecasts.

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A model predictive control strategy for load shifting in a water pumping scheme with maximum demand charges

Cited by 98 publications

References 27 publications

Reducing Household Electricity Consumption through Demand Side Management: The Role of Home Appliance Scheduling and Peak Load Reduction

Reducing Household Electricity Consumption through Demand Side Management: The Role of Home Appliance Scheduling and Peak Load Reduction

Optimization of mine ventilation fan speeds according to ventilation on demand and time of use tariff

Exploring Optimal Pump Scheduling in Water Distribution Networks with Branch and Bound Methods

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