A model study on the absorbed dose of radiation following respiratory intake of 238U3O8 aerosols

Canepa, Carlo

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu034

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…For inhaled particles, the ICRP considered aerodynamic diameters of 1 µm and 5 µm for dose estimation. The theoretical calculation is a combination of the compartment model and the biokinetic model, solving the activity as a function of time by a system of kinetic equations [ 97 ]. Based on the theoretical calculations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed the software DCAL that can perform the computations.…”

Section: Dose Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Particulate Uranium Exposure

Zhang

Chu

Xia

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Uranium contamination has become a nonnegligible global health problem. Inhalation of particulate uranium is one of the predominant routes of occupational and environmental exposure. Uranium particle is a complex two-phase flow of matter that is both particulate and flowable. This particular physicochemical property may alter its biological activity. Epidemiological studies from occupationally exposed populations in the uranium industry have concluded that there is a possible association between lung cancer risk and uranium exposure, while the evidence for the risk of other tumors is not sufficient. The toxicological effects of particulate uranium exposure to animals have been shown in laboratory tests to focus on respiratory and central nervous system damage. Fibrosis and tumors can occur in the lung tissue of the respiratory tract. Uranium particles can also induce a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, targeting mitochondria. The understanding of the health risks and potential toxicological mechanisms of particulate uranium contamination is still at a preliminary stage. The diversity of particle parameters has limited the in-depth exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence on the toxicology of particulate uranium and highlights the knowledge gaps and research prospects.

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Section: Dose Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Particulate Uranium Exposure

Zhang

Chu

Xia

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Medical effects of internal contamination with actinides: further controversy on depleted uranium and radioactive warfare

Durakovic¹

2016

Environ Health Prev Med

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The Nuclear Age began in 1945 with testing in New Mexico, USA, and the subsequent bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Regardless of attempts to limit the development of nuclear weapons, the current world arsenal has reached the staggering dimensions and presents a significant concern for the biosphere and mankind. In an explosion of a nuclear weapon, over 400 radioactive isotopes are released into the biosphere, 40 of which pose potential dangers including iodine, cesium, alkaline earths, and actinides. The immediate health effects of nuclear explosions include thermal, mechanical, and acute radiation syndrome. Long-term effects include radioactive fallout, internal contamination, and long-term genotoxicity. The current controversial concern over depleted uranium's somatic and genetic toxicity is still a subject of worldwide sustained research. The host of data generated in the past decades has demonstrated conflicting findings, with the most recent evidence showing that its genotoxicity is greater than previously considered. Of particular concern are the osteotropic properties of uranium isotopes due to their final retention in the crystals of exchangeable and nonexchangeable bone as well as their proximity to pluripotent stem cells. Depleted uranium remains an unresolved issue in both warfare and the search for alternative energy sources.

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