A modification of the chromic tartrate silver impregnation technique for block impregnation of the central nervous system and paraffin wax embedding

Abstract

SUMMARY This paper describes a block silver impregnation technique for the CNS. The procedure, which is quite simple, yields highly consistent and reproducible results. After fixation during 6–10 days in 10% saline formaldehyde, 4 mm thick blocks of brain are treated with chromic anhydride and sodium potassium tartrate solution for 4 days. After this period the specimens are rinsed in 0.75% silver nitrate solution to which 8–10 drops of pyridine per 100 ml of solution have been added. This is followed by impregnation for 4 days at 37°C in silver nitrate‐pyridine solution identical to that used in the previous rinsing step. The impregnated blocks are reduced during 20–26 h in 1% pyrogallol to which 6 ml commercial formaldehyde per 100 ml of solution have been added, followed by dehydration in dioxan and paraffin embedding. Sections no thicker than 30 μm are then cut for histological study. This fundamentally neurofibrillar method reveals: (a) neuronal somata and their processes; (b) synaptic structures; (c) fibre bundles; and (d) cell nuclei and nucleoli.

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data of the Ternary Systems Containing 1-Propanol/2-Propanol + Dipotassium Tartrate/Potassium Sodium Tartrate + Water at T = 298.15 K

“…In recent years, following Greve et al, liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) of some aliphatic alcohol + salt + water systems have been studied. − Tartrate salts are biodegradable and nontoxic and could be discharged into biological wastewater treatment plants, but some types of these salts are valuable and they can be recycled. For instance, potassium sodium tartrate has been commonly used in protein crystallization, − medicine, electronics, and industry …”

“…8−11 Tartrate salts are biodegradable and nontoxic and could be discharged into biological wastewater treatment plants, but some types of these salts are valuable and they can be recycled. For instance, potassium sodium tartrate has been commonly used in protein crystallization, 12−16 medicine, 17 electronics, 18 and industry. 19 In this respect, we have studied the phase behavior of the 1-propanol/2-propanol + dipotassium tartrate/potassium sodium tartrate + water systems at T = 298.15 K. Only the binodal curves for 1-propanol/2-propanol + dipotassium tartrate + water systems have been determined previously.…”

Density, Viscosity, Refractive Index, and Excess Properties of Binary and Ternary Solutions of Poly(ethylene glycol), Water, and Dipotassium Tartrate at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

“…Also, tartrate salts are nontoxic, and some of them are valuable and can be recycled as well . They are commonly applied in medicine, electronics, and industry, and may be used as a suitable green alternative for traditional inorganic salts . Not only are they effective in partitioning biological materials, but the discharge of tartrate into the biological wastewater is safe for the environment and good for plants. , According to our knowledge, there is no report on physical and thermodynamics properties of binary and ternary solutions of PEG 1500, water, and dipotassium tartrate.…”