“…The uncertainty of information in the RES investment decision process attributes to the subjectivity of domain experts and the complexity of the evaluation objects. The existing methods for dealing with uncertain information are fuzzy set theory (Bilgili et al, 2022;Van Thanh, 2022;Saraswat and Digalwar, 2021), grey theory (Wang C.-N. et al, 2021;Almutairi et al, 2022), Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory (Deng and Jiang, 2020;Xiong et al, 2021;Xiao, 2021), Dnumber theory (Deng and Jiang, 2019b,a), and Z-number theory (Rathore et al, 2021;Tian and Kang, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2020). Among them, Z-number can represent the uncertainty and the reliability of evaluating information simultaneously (Hu and Lin, 2022;Cheng et al, 2022;Tian et al, 2021;Meng et al, 2022b), which is superior in the modeling of uncertainties in RES investment.…”